A review on the process immune system's interaction with mycobiota and pathogenic fungi

, Rafiee; , Karimi; Abdolahi Ziaaldini, Mohamad Amin; Nikoomanesh, Fatemeh

Volume 33, Issue 2 (Articles In Press 2026) J Transl Med Res. 2026, 33(2): 0-0 | Back to browse issues page

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Abdolahi Ziaaldini M A, Nikoomanesh F. A review on the process immune system's interaction with mycobiota and pathogenic fungi. J Transl Med Res. 2026; 33 (2)
URL: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-3578-en.html

A review on the process immune system's interaction with mycobiota and pathogenic fungi

Mohamad Amin Abdolahi Ziaaldini¹

, Fatemeh Nikoomanesh ^*²

1- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
2- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran , fateme.nikoomanesh@bums.ac.ir

Abstract: (4 Views)

In recent years, the role of mycobiota as a fungal component of the human microbiota and its complex interactions with the immune system have become a major focus of immunology and infectious disease research. Increasing evidence suggests that mycobiota, in addition to maintaining mucosal homeostasis, plays a fundamental role in inducing immune tolerance, regulating inflammatory responses, maintaining the balance of microbial communities, and preventing colonization and invasion by opportunistic fungi. On the other hand, disruption of this balance in people with impaired or suppressed immune systems provides the basis for the development of invasive fungal infections caused by species, such as Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus. This review aimed to examine the findings related to the interaction between mycobiota, the host immune system, normal flora, and opportunistic fungi. In this regard, the mechanisms of recognition of fungal molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors, immune signaling pathways, the role of phagocytic cells, Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes, and cytokines and key interleukins in response to fungal agents will be reviewed. The role of mycobiota in regulating mucosal immunity, the function of antibody responses, innate immune memory, and the consequences of disrupting these interactions in the development of inflammation and fungal infections are also discussed. On the other hand, examining the potential capacity of immune pathways can inform the design of new immunomodulatory strategies to control fungal infections. Overall, the available evidence shows that the balance between mycobiota, opportunistic fungi, and the immune system determines the transition from symbiosis to pathogenesis, and a detailed understanding of this complex network can pave the way for the development of new prevention strategies and modulation of the immune response against invasive fungal infections.

Keywords: Fungal infection, Immune response, Immune system, Mycobiota

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Type of Study: Review | Subject: Mycology
Received: 2025/12/29 | Accepted: 2026/05/11 | ePublished: 2026/06/5