Volume 32 - Supplementary
Journal of Translational Medical Research. 2026, 32 - Supplementary: 0-0 |
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Nakhaee N, Samari M. Primal prevention of cardiometabolic diseases: A narrative review of emerging risk factors in the first 1000 days of life. Journal of Translational Medical Research. 2026; 32 (0)
URL: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-3574-en.html
URL: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-3574-en.html
1- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran , nakhaeen@gmail.com
2- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
2- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Abstract: (31 Views)
Cardiometabolic diseases are among the most important causes of mortality and disability worldwide, and prevailing prevention approaches have mainly focused on the identification and control of risk factors in adulthood. However, increasing evidence derived from the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease framework indicates that the roots of many of these diseases are formed in early life, particularly during the critical window of the first 1,000 days of life. This study aimed to review and explain the role of "emerging risk factors" in the first 1,000 days of life in shaping susceptibility to cardiometabolic diseases and to highlight the concept of "primal prevention" as a neglected strategy in public health. Evidence shows that factors, such as maternal nutrition during pregnancy, prenatal stress, low birth weight and preterm birth, mode of delivery, disruptions in microbiome development, air pollution, climate change–related exposures, infant feeding patterns—especially breastfeeding, early maternal separation, and adverse childhood experiences, can increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases throughout life. Focusing on this time frame provides a low-cost and sustainable opportunity for redesigning fundamental prevention strategies for cardiometabolic diseases.
Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Social Medicine
Received: 2025/12/14 | Accepted: 2026/02/18 | ePublished ahead of print: 2026/03/17 | ePublished: 2026/03/6
Received: 2025/12/14 | Accepted: 2026/02/18 | ePublished ahead of print: 2026/03/17 | ePublished: 2026/03/6
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