Showing 16 results for Women
Mr. Miri, Bn. Moasheri, M. Moodi, Z. Soorgi, H. Hoseini,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2005)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Accelerated population growth around the world is a critical barrier on the way of social, economical, and cultural development of countries. Regarding the importance of birth control programs for the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the fact that employed women form a main
stratum of the community with their own peculiar beliefs, the study of their fertility (productivity) pattern (based on Intent Behavior Model) seems quite necessary.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive analytical study, all lay female employees working in the Birjand University of Medical sciences, Birjand University, and Birjand Azad University (135 women) were surveyed. Data collecting tool in the present study was a structural questionnaire on variables of intentbehavior
model such as attitude, abstract norms, intent, behavior, etc. To analyze the data we used chisquare, independent test, Pearson correlation coefficient, logistic regression. P≤0.05 was considered as the significant level.
Results: There was a significant difference between women’s awareness score and their level of education (P<0.007). Also, there was a significant correlation between the women’s awareness and their number and age of children (P<0.007). Logistic regression result showed that number of children, level of education and age, were respectively considered by the women using contraceptive methods.
Conclusion: Family planning educations focusing on variables of intent- behavior models, face to face methods, group trainings- group discussion, and providing health pamphlets play an effective role in women’s and families’ fertility behavior.
B. Hasan Pour Azghadi, Z. Abbasi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Menopause is not avoidable and will occur in every woman's life. Understanding its risk factors and their prevention is necessary for every woman. This important measure will be possible through health care education and the first step in every education is knowledge and analysis of subjects' awareness and attitude. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of education on middle-aged women’s knowledge and attitude towards menopause.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 90 women aged between 40 and 60 years were randomly selected based on purposive sampling. Then, the effect of education on their knowledge and attitude was evaluated. Before implementing the education program, primary information about women’s Knowledge and attitude was collected through questionnaires. After study the obtained data and need- assessment of the subjects, an appropriate education program was planned. Then, in two one-hour sessions individual face to face education was offered to all subjects. Three months later, information was collected through the original questionnaires again. Student-t, one-way variance analysis, and paired t tests were used for data analysis.
Results: The results of this research showed that post-education mean knowledge was significantly different from that of pre-education (P=0.000). Before education, 43.3% of the subjects had poor knowledge, 42.3% had moderate and only 14.4% had good knowledge. However, after education none of the women had poor knowledge, 31.1% had moderate and 68.9% had good knowledge. Attitude also significantly varied after education (P=0.000). Before education, 10% of women had negative attitude, 66.7% had neutral attitude, and 23.3% had positive attitude towards menopause however, none of the women had negative attitude after the education, 53.3% of the subjects had a neutral, and 46.7% had a positive attitude.
Conclusions: The study showed that the reasonable way to increase people's knowledge is based on health education. Through such education, it is possible to equip individuals with enough knowledge to take care of their health.
Mr. Erfanian, M. Seyed Nozadi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (12-2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Acute pyelonephritis is one of the most frequent bacterial infections in women which is usually managed by parenteral antibiotics, that are more expensive than oral ones. A lot of physicians recommend oral ciprofloxacin as a drug of choice to treat acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Recently, some patients did not responded to ciprofloxacine practically. This study was to assess treatment efficacy of oral ciprofloxacin with parenteral ceftriaxone in acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in women.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 47 women who were hospitalized with positive urine culture of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in Hashemy-nezhad hospital between 2002 and 2004. In all cases, isolated micro-organism was E.coli. After randomized selection each patient was treated by using one of the two regimens: oral ciprofloxacin or parenteral ceftriaxone. The patients were examined 24, 48, and 72 hours after the beginning of treatment for fever and other clinical symptoms and signs. For the assessment of bacteriologic response, urine cultures were undertaken at the end of the third and seventh day after the beginning of treatment. The obtained data were processed by means of SPSS software. Then, for data description statistical tables were used. Finally, student-t and fisher exact test were employed to analyse the data at the significant level of P0.05.
Results: Mean age of subjects was 41.35±10.22 years. Mean age of women treated by ciprofloxacine and ceftriaxone were 41.68±9.30 and 41.12±11.80 years, respectively the difference of which was not significant statistically (P=0.61). Clinical response (negativity of urine cultures at the 3rd and 7th day) to treatment by oral ciprofloxacin and parenteral ceftriaxone revealed no significant difference. Mean symptoms improvement duration in oral ciprofloxacin and parenteral ceftriaxone were 2.67±0.49 and 1.63±0.63 days, respectively and thus, the difference was significant (P=0.000).
Conclusion: The survey showed that oral ciprofloxacin is almost as effective as parenteral ceftriaxone but improvement of symptoms by ceftriaxone occurred earlier compared with ciprofloxacin taking.
M. Delvarian Zadeh, H. Ebrahimi, N. Bolbol Haghighi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (12-2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Efficiency of nutrition has a crucial role during pregnancy. Malnutrition causes health vulnerability of mothers and thereby oncoming pregnancy side effects including low birth weight, delayed fetus growth, abortion and pre- term delivery. The present study was carried out to determine the nutritional status of pregnant women and some of the factors affecting it in those attending various health-care centers in Shahrood.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 169 pregnant women who were referred to 8 health-care centers in Shahrood, experiencing their third trimester of pregnancy with mean age of 25.13 and marital age of 20.11 years were selected. The diet of the pregnant women was checked by recording consumed foodstuffs during the past 24 hours and for a period of one week. Biochemical and hematological tests as well as anthropometrical examinations using body mass index (BMI) were also performed. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square, and t-tests at the significant level of P0.05.
Results: BMI analysis showed that 42.6% of the subjects had normal BMI, 20.13% were overweight, and 37.27% were obese. The study also revealed that 9.6% of the women had less than 11g/dL hemoglobin. A significant relationship was found between education and profession of the subjects, the dose of iron tablet taking, multivitamin use, the last referring to doctor, and kind of housing to BMI. Moreover, it was found that the intake of energy, protein, vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Ca, and iron among the subjects were below the standard level of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA).
Conclusion: The results of survey revealed that weight increase, obesity and the unavailability or shortage of suitable nutritive foods were the main problems which was due to lack of mothers’ awareness and information about the required balance between the intake of proper and nutritive diet and the amount of energy needed. Thus, it is essential in health-care centers to pay close attention to mothers’ education regarding their nutritional needs during pregnancy.
F. Tavassoli, J. Sharifian Attar, N. Ghomian, M. Talebi, M. Afzal Aghaei,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (10-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hot flash affects approximately 75% of women at menopausal age and 40% of perimenopaursal ones. Those who experience hot flashes have higher rates of sleep and temper disturbances than women not affected by hot flashes. The present study was done to investigate whether treatment with an anticonvulsant drug such as gabapentin would be effective in reducing hot flash frequency and severity in menopausal women. Materials and Methods: In a clinical-trial study 100 postmenopausal women with an average of seven or more hot flashes per day, which were accompanied by sweating ,were randomly divided into case group(receiving 300 mg of gabapentin daily) and control group(receiving placebos) for a period of 8 weeks. The obtained data was analysed by means of statistical soft wares PASS 2004, SPSS, using statistical tests 2, t, and Mann- Whitney at P≤0.05 as the significant level. Results: After 8 weeks of treatment with gabapentin a reduction of 56% in hot flash frequency and 50% reduction in its composite score (frequency and severity combined into one score) from baseline were observed. In the control group (taking placebos) the decrease was 12% and 15% compared to before treatment respectively. After eight weeks of treatment the number of hot flashes was 7.88±0.4 and 9.4±0.52 in the case and control groups respectively the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Besides, after eight weeks of treatment composite score of hot flash(i.e its frequency and severity) was 10.6±0.66 and 16.98±0.84 in the case and control groups respectively, which was statistically significant(P<0.001).In the case group frequency and severity of hot flashes were obviously lower than their levels in the control group. Conclusion: Gabapentin is effective in treating hot flash and can be considered as an alternative therapy to reduce the disorder.
M. Keshavarz, M. Shariati, Gr. Babaee,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (10-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: According to various studies, obese women, have an increased risk of a number of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Worryingly, the prevalence of obesity is rising during pregnancy. The present study was done to determine the incidence of obesity and its relationship to pregnancy complications. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, all pregnant women in their early stage were referred to women’s clinic of Fatemiyeh Hospital by all health care centers and private clinics as soon as diagnosed. Obesity was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m² or more. So, pregnant women were divided into obese and non-obese cases according to BMI. All the women had no previous systematic diseases and received routine prenatal care until their labor. Demographic and pregnancy data were obtained on arrival and were recorded in special files and the cases’ economic status was determined by means of a special checklist. The obtained data was analysed by means of non-parametric variance analysis of, chi-square, Fisher exact t- test, Mann Whitney U, linear regression, and correlation co-efficient and P≤0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: Totally 1194 pregnant women were studied. Prevalence of obesity was %13 (162 pregnant women). Obese women were older and had more childbirth. According to variance analysis and confounding factors including age and parity, obesity was found to be an independent factor in the occurrence of pre-eclampsia (P<0.001), gestational hypertension (P<0.01) and hydramnios (P<0.001) as well. Cesarean rate in obese women was greater and significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Results confirmed that despite appropriate prenatal care, obesity was associated with an increase in pregnancy complications. So in order to improve the quality of care, pre-conceptual care is recommended. Weight losing, as an easy and inexpensive procedure in women who refer to the health centers to receive health care and family planning service, is essential and is recommended.
E Hatefnia, Sh Niknami, M Mahmudi, M Lamyian,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy and major cause of death in women worldwide. Mammography is considered the most exact means to detect breast cancer in the earlier stage, which can reduce mortality of the disease. The current study aimed at evaluating the effects of an education program using the Theory of Planned Behavior on promoting mammography performance among employed women aged 35 years and over.
Materials and Methods: This survey was a quasi-experimental study which evaluated the effectiveness of an education program to promote attitudinal factors associated with early detection of breast cancer in 220 women aged 35 years and over, who were working in Tehran pharmaceutical factories. Means of data collection was a questionnaire. The obtained data was analyzed by mean of SPSS statistical software (version 11.5) using non-parametrical tests (Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney, McNemar’s, Wilcoxon) and P<0.05 was taken as the significant level.
Results: It was found that the mean score of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, intention and behavior in women regarding mammography in the case group significantly increased and the observed difference in the control group was not significant.
Conclusion: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior has an acceptable influence on promoting mammography behavior. It is, therefore, recommended that education programs apply the theory to promote mammography behavior (in women).
Gh.r Sharif Zadeh, M Hosseini, T Kermani, M Ataiee, S.h Akhbari,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (10-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the first cause of cancer deaths among women in the world. The present case-control study was designed to evaluate the risk factors among the patients in South Khorasan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In a case control study, 85 patients with breast cancer who were diagnosed during 2006 and 2008 at imam Reza hospital (birjand) were compared with 85 healthy women referred to radiology departments of Vali Asr hospital (birjand). The two groups were matched by age, job and literacy. Risk factors and demographic information were collected through a review of medical records, face to face interview and completing a questionnaire after coordination with regional health care centers. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Positive familial history of breast cancer, smoking and addiction, neglecting breast self-examination (lack of heath awareness) and painful milk secretion during breast feeding period increased the risk of developing breast cancer. Conclusion: Life style changes can be considered as one of the interventions which can prevent breast cancer development. Accordingly, regular breast self-examination can help in early detection of breast cancer in people with positive family history of breast cancer.
Zoya Tahergorabi, Mitra Moodi, Behzad Mesbahzadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
With regard to high cancer incidence, as one of the major mortality causes worldwide, following human societies industrialization in recent years breast cancer, dealt with in the present article, has got a particular impact on women who possess a pivotal role in family and society. Thus, adoption of effective diagnostic procedures in the early stages of the disease is very important, which must be considered as a substantial component of the strategies aimed at women’s health promotion and decreasing of breast cancer mortality rate. Meanwhile, women’s education and their awareness promotion and advising them to carry out different methods of breast cancer screening in the early stages of the symptoms, as preventive measures, play important roles. The present review article attempts to study prevalence and epidemiology of breast cancer, its risk factors and its different stages of prevention.
Fatemeh Honari, Mohammadreza Miri, Bibi Narjes Moasheri,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Using drugs during pregnancy is one of the most important health concerns Prenatal care is crucial in addicted women and thus educational interventions are required. In the present study, the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on ‘Theory of Planned Behavior’ on prenatal care of addicted women was evaluated.
Materials and Methods: This randomized field- trial study was performed on 46 pregnant addicted women who were randomly divided into equal experimental and control groups. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire used had been confirmed. before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention in both groups. The intervention consisted of 6 sessions, based on the theory of planned behavior, which was implemented for the experimental group. Data analysis was performed using. independent t- test, Anova and Fisher’s exact test. The obtained results were interpreted at the significant level 0.05.
Results: It was found that a significant increase in the mean change in attitude, intention, and perceived behavioral control before and immediately after the intervention in the experimental group compared to the control one (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed the effectiveness of the education based on the theory of planned behavior on the attitude, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention associated with prenatal care.
Mitra Moodi, Bibi Narjes Moasheri, Nasrin Amirabadi Zadeh,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Regarding the ever-increasing of genetic diseases, counseling for the prevention of these diseases has got overwhelming necessity. Thus, promoting individuals’ awareness of genetic counseling is required. The current study aimed at determining the effect of an educational program based on Health Belief Model on knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy of urbanized women in need of genetic counseling.
Materials and Methods: In this randomized field trial study, 80 married women in need of genetic counseling were divided into two equal case and control groups. Data collection means were a researcher-designed questionnaire consisting of demographic data and health belief model queries, which were completed by interview. Educational intervention was done during three 90 minute sessions with one week interval between each one. Finally, the obtained data was fed into SPSS (version 16) applying the statistical tests of Chi-square, repeated ANOVA, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Friedman for analysis; and P<0.05 was taken as the significant level.
Results: Mean knowledge, threats, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy in the two groups had no significant difference before intervention (P>0.05), but the difference became significant immediately and three months after intervention (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between the knowledge, threat, perceived benefits, barriers and self-efficacy in the two groups three week intervals before and immediately after intervention, before and after the three months, immediately and after three months in the experimental group (P<0.001), but the difference was not significant in the control group.
Conclusion: The results showed that educational interventions based on HBM increases women's knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy regarding the role of genetic counseling in the prevention of congenital malformations.
Ali Rajabi, Marefat Siahkouhian, Ali Akbarnejad, Morteza Yari,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Bachground: Type 2 diabetes is an important public health problem that involves many people. Exercise and physical activity play an important role in preventing and controlling it. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of two different frequencies of aerobic exercise with the same volume and detraining period on the levels of irisin hormone, lipid profiles, and insulin resistance index in obese women with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 36 obese women with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 12 per group). Group 1 and group 2 performed 8 weeks of intensity aerobic exercise (Group 1=3 times and Group 2=6 times a week, with the same volume) with 60-75 percent of maximum heart rate. Samples were taken before intervention, 48 hours after the first training session, and two weeks after the last training session.
Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, the intergroup results showed that weight, body fat, and body mass index were significantly reduced only in group 1, whereas in both groups, the insulin resistance index reduced and irisin levels increased significantly (P<0.05). One-way ANOVA with LSD post-hoc test indicated a significant difference between the study groups in terms of weight (P=0.036), fat percentage (P=0.001), BMI (P=0.008), insulin resistance (P=0.001), and irisin (P=0.0001) in the post-test phase.
Conclusion: Given the results of this study, the longer duration exercise protocol was of a more significant impact on the control of factors involved in type 2 diabetes than the exercise protocol with more frequent, short-term training sessions. Therefore, it can be concluded that the duration of an exercise program is an effective factor in the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes, which should be considered in the design and planning of exercise.
, Ensiyeh Norozi, Mitra Moodi, Hakimeh Malakimoghadam,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
Arthritis is the most common disease among the elderly. Identification of factors affecting the prevention of arthritis prevention behaviors for the design of preventive interventions it is very important. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the prevention of arthritis in middle-aged women using the health belief model.
This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 325 women aged 59-29 years. The population of the study consisted of middle-aged women referred to health centers in Birjand who were randomly selected. Data were gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire.the questionnaire consisted of demographic information, health belief model constructs and knowledge questions and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) using stepwise regression test.
The Average age of women studied 39.1 ± 8.4 years. The results of the study showed that 19.1% of subjects had good performance in terms of prevention of arthritis, 36% had moderate performance and 44.9% had poor performance. The most important predictors were self-efficacy (β = 0.37, P <0.001), knowledge (P = 0.26, P <0.001), and finally, perceived severity (β = 0.18, P <0.001). In total, these structures were able to predict 18.1% of the changes in behavioral prevention.
According to the results of the study, most women do not take preventive measures of arthritis, therefore, it is suggested that through educational interventions, awareness, perceived severity, and self-efficacy of individuals should be strengthened to promote the preventive behaviors of arthritis.
Aazam Yousefi, Gholam Reza Sharifzadeh, Ensiyeh Norozi, Sara Sahranavard, Mohammad Reza Miri,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Given the increasing divorce rate and vulnerability of divorced women in society, this study was aimed at the investigation adjustment status post-divorce and related factors in divorced women supported by the Birjand-based Relief Committee.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 160 divorced women covered by the Birjand Relief Committee by a multi-stage sampling method in 2018. A demographic questionnaire and the Fisher’s Divorce adjustment Scale were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version19) and analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post-hoc tests at α=0.05.
Results: The mean age of participants was 37.5± 6.2 years and the main cause of divorce in women was addiction of the spouse (44.4%). The total mean score of adjustment in women was 331.1± 56.3, where 62.7% had poor adjustment and 37.3% had moderate adjustment. The mean score of adjustment in employed women was significantly higher than in household women (p<0.001). The adjustment score increased significantly as the education level increased (p=0.027). The results also showed that there was no significant relationship between age, number of child, ex-spouse occupation, duration of the marriage, and years after divorce with post-divorce adjustment.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that divorced women, especially housewives and low-educated women, do not have a good adaptation status, therefore perform the interventions needed to improve the compatibility status it is suggested to officials and planners.
Maryam Bahlgerdi, Mohammadreza Miri, Enseiye Norozi, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (6-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Happiness and vitality are among the most important and effective components in the process of human life, without which activity, creativity, initiative, invention, and healthy life cannot be created. Happiness is a valuable tool for improving the personality and job performance of employees; meaning that happy people are more successful in the workplace. The creation of social vitality is the priority for comprehensive intervention in South Khorasan Province, Iran, for comprehensive intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the individual and organizational factors related to the social vitality of women working at the Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 214 females working at Birjand University of Medical Sciences selected using a systematic random sampling method in 2019. The 29-item Oxford Happiness Standard was used to collect data to measure social vitality.
Results: The mean score of the females' happiness was estimated at 73.55±12.32 and the majority of the subjects had moderate happiness (60.3%). Moreover, most of the cases had not participated in happiness courses before (85.6%). The results also showed that happiness had no significant relationship with age, educational level, marital status, education level of the spouse, and occupation of spouse among the women (P>0.05); however, happiness showed a significant relationship with income and place of residence (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the social vitality of working women was moderate; in this respect, it is recommended to officials and planners implement educational interventions to improve the vitality of employees.
Fatemeh Sohrabi, Parvaneh Shamsipour Dehkordi,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (6-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Physical health is an important aspect of the health of any society and one of the most basic needs of human life. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of body mass index and level of physical activity on motor competence in women within the age range of 8-85 years in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 323 women aged 8-85 years who were divided into five groups, namely children, adolescents, young women, adults, and the elderly. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method, and the required data were collected using a weight gauge, a height gauge, the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and a motor competence test. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate one-factor analysis of variance and Bonferroni test.
Results: The results of multivariate one-factor analysis of variance showed that the body mass index had no significant effect on motor competence (P<0.05). The main effect level of physical activity and age group on motor competence variable was significant (P=0.001). Performance of the children group was significantly weaker than that of young women regarding motor competence (P<0.05). Moreover, the performance of female children was better than that of the elderly group in terms of the motor fitness variable. In addition, the elderly group had lower motor competence, compared to children and adolescents. Besides, people with a moderate level of physical activity performed significantly better in the motor competence test than those with low and intense levels of physical activity (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The level of physical activity should appropriately increase to enhance motor competence and physical health. Furthermore, the downward trend of motor competence can be delayed by the adoption of proper plans.
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