Showing 22 results for Prevalence
N. Naseh, F. Ebrahimzadeh, A. Behnia, Sa. Saadatjoo,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (7-2005)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Small for Gestational Age (SGA) prevalence is one of the most important indicators of health, Hygiene, and socioeconomic status of society. SGA markedly increases mortality and morbidity in infancy. In addition, psychologic and physical complications will increase in the individuals as they grow up. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of SGA and its risk factors.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was carried out on 950 singleton neonates born alive in Birjand maternity hospitals that whose gestational age of pregnancy was well defined. Information was collected by questionnaire and standard measurement of weight was done by German Seca scales. Weight and height and head circumference were measured by a metric tape. The data was analyzed by SPSS software, Chi-Square and Fisher Exact Test; and P≤0.05 was considered as the significant level.
Results: Prevalence of SGA was 24.3% and its prevalence significantly increased (P<0.05) in female neonates, housewife mothers (compared with employed one), term neonates (compared with preterm ones), hypertensive mothers (compared with normotensive) and in mothers with chronic illnesses such as hypertension, epilepsy and kidney disease (compared with. healthy mothers). But there was no significant relationship between SGA prevalence and parents' literacy, mother's age, living place, passive smoking and prenatology visits.
Conclusion: Higher prevalence of SGA in Birjand is probably related to socioeconomic status and race.
T. Khazaie, M. Khazaie, Ma. Khazaie,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (7-2005)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In the present study, common behavioral disorders in children including habitual disorders, incontinence, stutter, and their relationship to familial problems at the beginning of school has been studied chiefly aiming at identifying incompatible children and even those at risk having weak performance at school setting and prompting their treatment.
Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive- analytical one whose population were all students of Birjand at the beginning of school, (1420), referring to register at the educational assessment bases. The method of sampling was purpose-based. The samples studied were children with one of the disorders such as incontinence, habitual disorders, and stuttering reported by parents. 110 of them were selected randomly. Data collection tool was a questionnaire having several sections including DSM III.
Results: 32% of children referring to the assessment bases suffered, at least, from one of the above disorders. The rate of habitual disorders was 12.5%, nocturia 11.9%, and stuttering 7.6%. This proportion was also present in the selected sample, whose disorders had been confirmed, at approximately the same rates. There was a significant difference in the rate of disorders between the two genders. There was significant relationship between the age and education of father on one hand, and children’s behavioral disorders on the other; but there was none between those of mother’s and behavioral disorders of their children. Also, there was a significant relationship between children’s order of birth, family economy, addiction of parents, manner of the family's contact with the child, and behavioral disorders (p=0.05).
Conclusion: Assessing the level of psychological health of children in the assessment bases and providing psychological health service at schools and also educating parents and instructors in order to prevent behavioral disorders and to diagnose and treat them timely seems necessary.
Gh. Yaghobi, Mr. Miri, Sm. Hosseini, F. Khoshro,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2005)
Abstract
Bِackground and Aim: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is the most common identifiable cause of open angle glaucoma's worldwide. Despite its prevalence and potential for ophthalmic morbidity, little is known about the etiology and the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk
factor of pseudoexfoliation in all admitted patients to eye clinic.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, during 6 months, a questionnaire check list was completed for 100 referrals to eye clinic that their ophthalmic examination revealed pseudoexfoliation residues in their eyes. The checklist consists of possible risk factors including demographic, ultraviolet-rays,
trauma, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistical methods like chi-Square tests using SPSS version 9.0 with P=0.05 as the minimum statistical significance.
Results: Forty six percent of patients were male and the rest were females. History of hypertension was present in 19 cases, 4 cases had cardiovascular disease and one had diabetes mellitus. A majority of them (66.07%) of them were from rural area and 27.9% were from urban who had a history of sunlight contact less than 2 hours per day. Of 46 farmer patients 72.09% had sunlight contact more than 4 hours per day.
Conclusion: This study showed that pseudoexfoliation is more prevalent in females, and that the farmers had more exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Contact of farmers with animal viruses, poisons, chemical agents and hard physical work should be regarded as predisposing factors. Because of the limitation of this study, descriptive and case-control studies with more population must be undertaken in the future
M. Gharipour, A. Baghei, M. Boshtam, K. Rabiei,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (10-2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a kind of metabolic disturbance generally coincident with abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and variation in glucose tolerance test .MS can be a prognostic parameter for fatal diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes Melitus. Different factors affect the prevalence of the disease.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, patients were selected according to ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel). The existence of at least three factors of the following was the criteria for affliction with the disease: (1) abdominal obesity with waist circumference 102 cm in men and 88 cm in woman, (2) hypertriglyceridemia ³150 mg/dL, (3) low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women, (4) blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg, (5) diabetic history and taking anti-glycemic drugs or having fasting blood sugar ≥110 mg/dL, (6) high blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg. The obtained data were statistically analysed through SPSS software at the significant level P<0.05. Then, the frequency distribution of MS factors was determined with regard to age, sex, and habitation.
Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of the MS were 25.4% and 21.7% in urban and rural area of Isfahan respectively. MS was higher among the women of Isfahan and central cities compared to men.Its highest frequency was seen in the eldery people (over 60) living in Isfahan villages (68.9%). Conclusion: It was found that approximately 21.9% of Iranian adults living in the central part of Iran suffer from MS. In summary, this study showed an increased risk of MS among middle-aged women in urbun areas which may be due to their insufficient physical activity.. The results indicate that the primary prevention should not only consider biological risk factors, but must also take socio-demographic conditions into account in order to identfy persons of high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Kokab Namakin, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh, Mohamadreza Miri,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Smoking tobacco products is one of the most important risk factors of noninfectious diseases, especially cardiovascular and cancers. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of smoking tobacco products and evaluate knowledge and attitude of high school male students about smoking.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done on Birjand high school male students selected through cluster multi- stage sampling in 2006. A questionnaire which included demographic information and questions about attitude (12), knowledge (17) and practice (4) concerning smoking. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by SPSS software using chi- square test at the significant level (α<0.05).
Results: Overall, 1233 cases were studied out of which 3.9% were smokers and 21.3% had experienced cigarette smoking. There was a positive correlation of parents' level of education with prevalence of cigarette smoking and smoking experience. Prevalence of smoking in students whose mothers were employees was more than those with housewife mothers. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Besides, prevalence of smoking was in accord with education level. The most important cause of proneness to smoking was curiosity. 25.5% of the students had very little knowledge about the harms of smoking, 54.7% had moderate knowledge, and 19.8% had favorable knowledge. Attitude regarding the harms of smoking was weak in 5.1%, moderate in 48.3%, and good in 46.6%.
Conclusion: Although prevalence of smoking was low compared to other areas of the country, experiencing of smoking was high. Since knowledge and attitude of the students concerning smoking hazards was not satisfactory, implementing educational programmes and social interventions at high school level seems necessary in order to prevent smoking.
E. Shaban, Mr. Miri, E. Rezaee Askareie, H. Mohammadzadeh,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pityriasis versicolor is a common chronic recurrent fungal infection of skin, that several environmental factors are implicated in its creation. The present study was aimed to determine the relative frequency of pityriasis versicolor and its risk factors in girl's high schools of Birjand city in 2009.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1970 female students were selected with multi-stage cluster sampling method. A self-made questionnaire based on the objectives of the study was completed for all subjects. Diagnosis was made by physical examination and confirmed by laboratory methods. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS (version 11.5) at the significant leve l of P<0.05.
Results: The relative frequency of pityriasis versicolor in girl's high schools of Birjand city was 2.7%. The highest infection rate was in the 16-18 year group (86%). The most affected area of the body was neck (43.4%) and the lowest involvement (1.9%) was in arms. Among the studied risk factors, family history (P=0.002) and a history of previous infection (P<0.001) had a significant association with pityriasis versicolor but not with the age and the number of baths per week.
Conclusion: Regarding the frequency of pityriasis versicolor among female students of Birjand's high schools and the effect of some predisposing factors, referring to the dermatologist and training the families about this disease is recommended.
T. Khazaie, M. Dehghani Firoozabadi, Gh.r. Sharifzadeh,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Migraine headaches, start since adolescence, are often severe and lead to dysfunction in patients. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of migraine and its relationship with educational disability in adolescents of Birjand city in 2010.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive- analytical study, 723 adolescents were selected by cluster sampling method and have been investigated by headache international criteria for diagnosing common migraine the degree of educational disability has been determined by the fifth version of Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by SPSS (version 15)using statistical tests of Mann Whitney, Chi square, Fisher and correlation coefficient at the significant level of P<0.05.
Results: The mean age of studied subjects was 15.8±1.02 years and the prevalence of headache was 68.5%. Prevalence of migraine was 6.4% in boys and 7.6% in girls. The mean length of headache attacks was 8.15±4.97 hours, the number of attacks during the last 3 months was 7.1±6.69 and attacks interval was 14.11±8.03 days. The average score of migraine derived disability was 11.59±13.71 (average disability) and headache score was 4.93±2.77 (average headache). The educational disability was significantly associated with intensity, frequency and interval of headache attacks (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Regarding to the high prevalence of headache and various complications, it is recommended to identify the affected students and introduce them to the specialized centers for identifying the precipitating factors, instructing the families and teachers and preventive measures to reduce the attacks and improving the efficacy of people.
M.m. Hasanzadeh Taheri, M. Mogharab, S.h. Akhbari, M.r. Raeisoon, E. Hasanzadeh Taheri,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Depression is one of the most common emotional phenomenon in the current century and its prevalence among the students is 20-61%. Initiation of education in university is a critical period of every student's life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression among new admitted students in Birjand University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, all of the students that were admitted and registered in the academic year in 2009-2010, were enrolled with census method. Data were collected by a questionnaire with two parts. Demographic information was recorded in the first part and the students responded the 21 questions of depression Beck test in the second part. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS version 11.5 at the significant level of P<0.05.
Results: Totally, 231 questionnaires were completed. Twenty eight students (12.1%) had experienced some degree of depression. Of these, 23 people (10%) had mild and 5 students (2.1%) had moderate depression. No case of severe depression was found. A significant correlation was observed between the prevalence of depression among students and the level of family income (P=0.02) and jobs of mothers (P=0.03).
Conclusion: In spite of the low prevalence of depression among the new registered students in Birjand University of Medical Sciences, and the observed depression in students of families with low incomes, decreasing economic problems and counseling may prevent possible progress of depression during the education period.
Tayyebeh Khazaie, Alireza Saadatjoo, Samaneh Dormohamadi, Mansooreh Soleimani, Marzieh Toosinia, Fatemeh Mullah Hassan Zadeh,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Various studies indicate that increasing and complicating use of cell phones in all age groups and in both sexes is associated with aggression. Despite the widespread use of mobile phones in Iran, psychological and behavioral effects of addiction to it and the consequences have not been investigated yet. The present study aimed at determining prevalence of mobile dependency and its relationship with aggression during adolescence in Birjand in 2011. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 637 students were selected through randomized double-stage cluster sampling. In order to gather relevant data ,two questionnaires including Hyun young Koo 2009 cell phone dependence questionnaire and Perry aggression questionnaire, which dealt with 4 aspects, i.e. physical, verbal, furious, and antagonistic aggression were used. The obtained data was analysed by SPSS software (V: 15) using X2, independent T, variance analysis, and Pearson's correlation coefficient statistical tests at the significant level P=0.05. Results: Out of 637 student's aged15-20 years, 95.3% (611cases) were moderately dependent on mobile using, 3/4% (22 subjects) ere acutely dependent, and 1.2% (8 students) were addicted to cell phone using. There was no Significant difference between the intensity of dependence on cell phone and age , sex, education, number of phone calls and daily received and sent messages .It was found that there was a corresponding relationship between mobile dependence on mobile association to aggression. Conclusion: According to the present study mobile dependence and aggression in adolescents is less than that in some other studies yet, it is necessary to make interventions to prevent such problems.
Toba Kazemi, Mahmoud Sadeghi-Khorashad, Ali Salehi-Give,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (3-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Given the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the community, identifying and controlling risk factors to these diseases, especially in high-risk groups is at assessing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in heavy vehicle drivers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2009-2010 on 400 drivers of heavy vehicles, who, after being justified and handing in their written content, were included in the study.Their height, weight, blood pressure, waist and hip circumferences were measured using standard methods. Then 5 ml of fasting blood was derived from the brachial vein of each to measure serum glucose and lipids. The collected data was analyzed by means of SPSS software and x2 statistical test at the significant level α≤0.05. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 37.95±10.23 years. Out of them, %57.75 were under 40. The education level of 68/52% was below diploma. Truck drivers constituted %60/75. The most common risk factors were: dyslipidemia (%61.5), overweight and obesity (39/95%), smoking (16.25%), hypertension (15.5%), Family history of premature heart disease (10.25%), and diabetes (4.5%). All the above risk factors were concomitant with age. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of cardiac risk factors, especially dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and smoking screening for cardiovascular risk factors in this group is requisite. Educational programs to increase the drivers' Knowledge, Performance, and attitude about heart disease.
Azita Fesharakinia, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Malnutrition of children, which has undesirable effects on mental and physical health of them, is one of the important health problems throughout the world particularly in developing countries. Most of the studies about malnutrition in Iran have been done on the basis of NCHS standards, but, today it is recommended to do this kind of study according to new WHO standards. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of malnutrition in under-5 year olds in Birjand city according to the recent standards.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was done on 480 under-5 year olds that selected through multistage cluster sampling method in Birjand city in 2011.At the same time of measuring height and weight, demographic data of the children (age, sex, birth order , and birth weight) were recorded in the questionnaires by interviewing their mothers .In order to study malnutrition ,three indices were used namely weight to age (underweight), weight to height (leanness), and height to age(shortness). The obtained data was analyzed by means of descriptive statistical methods and chi-square test, using SPSS software (V:15) , and a=0.05 was taken as the significant level.
Results: Out of 480 children 50.4% were males, 93.3% had birth weight ≥2500 gr, 56% were above 24 months. 57.7% were the first in birth order. According to the new WHO standards, Weight index showed that 93.7% were normal and 6.3% were underweight (5% moderately and 1.3% severely). Regarding stunting criteria, 90.2% were normal and 9/8 % were short (7.7% moderately and 2.1% extremely short). Prevalence of underweight and stunting was significantly higher in children with birth weight under 2500 gr (P<0.001). Wasting criteria showed that 99.2% were normal and 0.8% had moderate wasting.
Conclusion: According to the results and comparing them with those of similar studies, it is concluded that the nutritional status of under 5 year children in Birjand is appropriate. Regarding the significant relationship of underweight and stunting with low birth weight, more control on high risk pregnancy for reducing the rate of low birth weight infants and supportive nutritional and educational measures for these children are recommended.
Fatemeh Haghighi, Mahyar Mohammadifard, Ghodratollah Naseh, Katauon Hashem, Seyyed Alireza Saadatjoo,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in industrialized countries and the third in developing ones. The present study aimed at assessing prevalence of breast cancer among women over 30 in Birjand between 2009 and 2010.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 2000 over 30 years women from Birjand city were selected through multiple-stage sampling. A demographic questionnaire was completed by each subject after being justified about the importance of screening and method of examination. Clinical breast examination was performed by a female GP under standard conditions, one week after menstrual ceasing. When there was a palpable mass in the breast, the participant underwent a mammography test for an accurate diagnosis of the type and size of the lesion. Positive cases were referred to a surgeon for open biopsy. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (V: 15) using ANOVA test at α = 0.05 as the significance level.
Results: Out of 2000 surveyed women, 80 were excluded because of the inappropriateness of their completed questionnaires. Totally, 1920 women were included with the mean age of 44.48±8.56 (range: 30-88) years. Out of 267 women (13.9%) referred for mammography due to positive clinical findings, only 134 (50.2%) cases underwent mammography test and 17 of them (12.7%) had a lesion as observed in their mammography images and, as a result, fibrocystic lesion was the most common diagnosis. Biopsy was performed for 32 patients (1.6% of the total participants) and malignancy was reported in 11 patients (0.5%). Mean age of the cancer patients was 41.18±12.65 years which was similar to other women's situation without malignancy (P=0.11).
Conclusion: According to our results and based on the low mean age of patients with breast cancer, it is required to study the causes leading to the early occurrence of breast cancer at young ages in this area.
Majid Zare Bidaki, Afsaneh Tehrani Pour, Sakineh Dadpour, Hajar Gholizadeh,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Salmonellosis is one of the most common digestive diseases in the world. Salmonellosis is caused by varieties of salmonella serotypes and there are concerns about the contamination of poultry and its products by this microorganism. Given that the carcasses of poultry, as a major source of infection with this microorganism, determine the frequency and the rate of this type of bacterial contamination, they are considered a criterion in the assessment of the health status of respective poultry farms and their potential health hazards to consumers. The present study aimed at determining prevalence of salmonella contamination of poultry carcasses in Birjand industrial slaughterhouses in 2012. Materials and Methods: Immediately after poultry slaughtering, 550 samples were randomly taken from different slaughterhouses. Salmonella spp were isolated from suspected positive cultures .Then, they were identified and confirmed by means of biochemical and serological tests. Results: Based on the results of bacteriological tests, out of a total of 250 samples taken from the poultry slaughtered before putting in boiling water, 8 cases (3.2%) were positive for Salmonella contamination. Serotyping results revealed that all isolates belonged to Salmonella infantis serotype. Among a total of 300 samples taken from the cases after being placed in boiling water, only one sample (0.3%) was positive for Salmonella infantis. Conclusion: The results indicate that there is a relatively low prevalence of salmonella contamination in the poultry farms in the South Khorasan. Furthermore, lack of diversity in salmonella isolates reveals good health control and low levels of microbial transmission into poultry farms of this area. The outbreak of Salmonella infantis is uniformly consistent with the global spread of this serotype. Differences in the frequency of positive samples before and after placing the carcasses in boiling water may reveal the role of boiling process in reducing salmonella contamination of slaughtered poultry.
Mohsen Foadoddini, Suri Soghra Raghebi, Alireza Farhadian, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Malnutrition is a prevalent health problem but an unknown one to which little attention has been paid. This can increase complications, morbidity and mortality of the disease. Therefore, early detection of malnutrition to provide nutritional support for patients is very crucial. The main objective of the present study was to determine the nutritional status of patients admitted to the hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study on patients admitted to five hospitals affiliated to BUMS was done in 2011. Through stratified random sampling, 549 patients older than 20 years were selected from five hospitals and their nutrition status was determined by means of measuring their height, weight, and body mass index according to Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) on their admission. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS (V:16), using X2 at the significant level P <0.05. Results: Mean age of the patients was 49 ±20 years. Among them, 52.8% were males. Prevalence of malnutrition was 58.8% from which 53 % were at high risk and 5.8 % at medium risk. Among the patients, 148 (57.1% female patients were at high risk of malnutrition whereas, in the males the high risk was diagnosed in 143 (49.3%) which the difference was significant (men) (P=0.03). Prevalence of malnutrition in citizens was higher than villagers (P=0.001). It was also significantly higher in over 45 year olds compared to other age groups (P=0.04). Conclusion: Malnutrition is a common problem from which more than 53 % of the patients suffer. Therefore, an organized clinical nutritional service in the health centers are required.
Nahid Rahmani Bidokhti, Mahmood Sadeghi Khorashad, Bita Bijari,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Depression, due to its high prevalence and subsequent effects, is one of the important public health issues. Regarding the specific educational problems in the field of medicine and the importance of medical students’ mental health the present study aimed at comparing the prevalence of depression in the first two and the last two years of medical in Birjand University of Medical sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study was done on 151 medical students in the first two and the last two years in Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2010. Assessment of depression was done by means of Beck’s brief questionnaire in both groups who had been selected in a census .The obtained data was fed into SPSS software (V: 15) and was finally analyzed using by χ2 and independed Student-t tests at the significant level α<0.05. Results: A total of 151 students whose mean age was 22±2 years participated in the current study. Prevalence of depression in all the cases in all types of the problem i.e. mild, moderate, and severe was 31/8%. Prevalence of depression in the first two years and the last two years was 29.8% and 34.3%, respectively which was not statistically significant. Prevalence of depression in males was more than females, which was not significant either. Besides, no significant relationship was found between prevalence of depression with variables such as age, residence, parental education, housing, and employment status of parents. Conclusion: Apparently, prevalence of depression in medical students in Birjand university of Medical Sciences is high, although studying medicine is not significantly decisive in the occurrence of the problem.
Mahyar Mohamadifard, Alireza Mamashli, Toba Kazemi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Abdominal aortic aneurysm is an important mortality factor especially in old men. The present study aimed at investigating prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in people over 65 years old who referred to the ultrasonic centers in Birjand educational hospitals in 2014.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1451 individuals were willingly selected from over 65 patients over 65 years old, with no history of abdominal aortic aneurysm who had referred to the ultrasonic centers of Imam Reza and Vali-e- Asr hospitals in 2014, .using simple non-probability sampling method. A Canadian ultrasonic device with 3.5 MHz Linea spherical probe was used for the measurement of aortic diameter while a questionnaire was used in order to record demographic information as well as risk factors. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS (V:16) statistical software using Chi-square and independent-T tests at the significance level of P&le 0.05.
Results: It was found that out of 1451 patients ., 99 cases (6.8%) suffered from abdominal aortic aneurysm. Relative frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysm did notreveal a significant difference regarding the sex. However, prevalence of the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm had a significant relationship with the .variables of age, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
Conclusion: Due to high prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in people over 65 years, screening for of abdominal aortic aneurysm is suggested for the lederly.
Abdolghader Taene, Sedegheh Niazi, Bita Bijari, Sajjad Esmaeili, Gholamreza Anani Sarab,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Vitamin D is provided through dietary intake or synthesis in the skin by ultraviolet ray from sunlight. Vitamin D has a significant role in calcium homeostasis and cellular growth and facilitating normal immune system function. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is a particularly important public health in Iran. to The present study aimed at describing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and identifying its related risk factors.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 healthy individuals from AqQala in Golestan province in Iran. Sociodemographic data, vitamin D and calcium intake and duration of outdoor activities were collected via a brief interview questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and serum level 25 (OH) D3 were measured using ELFA method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software.
Results: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was common in the studied population. Severe and intermediate vitamin D deficiency in the study population was 12% and 37.5%, respectively. Lower level of vitamin D deficiency was seen in 22% them. Men (81.7%) and women (65.5%) suffered vitamin D deficiency. Mean serum 25-(OH)D was significantly associated with age, sex, and duration of sunlight exposure ;P<0.001.There was no significant difference in serum 25-(OH)D level in regard to ageand physical activity (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Vitamin D is highly deficient in Agh Ghala inhabitants; particularly in men. This requires transferring the necessary information to the community and persuading them to improve their life style.
Behrouz Heydari, Gholamhossein Yaghoubi, Seyed Abbas Hosseini Rad, Mohammad Hossein Davari, Asghar Zarban,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (11-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Many causes of blindness or vision impairment are treatable, and their irreversible complications can be prevented by early diagnosis and proper treatment. Thus, the current study aimed at investigating the epidemiology of various eye diseases in patients (i.e.760 cases) referring to the ophthalmic clinic of Vali-e-Asr hospital in Birjand (Dec.22, 2014-Jun 20, 2015).
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients referring to the ophthalmic clinic of Vali-e- Asr hospital between Dec.22, 2014 and Jun 20, 2015 (including 760 subjects) were enrolled through census method. The respective demographic form was completed for every patient. The patients were examined by an ophthalmologist, and results were recorded in the check-list form. Finally, the obtained data was fed into SPSS (V: 18), using statistical tests descriptive statistics and logistic regression at the significant level of P≤0.50.
Results: The prevalence of eye diseases including cataract, nerve and retinal disease, trauma, retinopathy and glaucoma were 31.4%, 13.7%, 13.4%, 11.3%, and 6.2%, respectively. A significant relationship was found between age and habitation, cataract and retinal nerve disease, age and glaucoma, location and history of diabetes; and thyroidism and trauma (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, planning for the prevention of diseases such as thyroidism and diabetes, and advocating a healthy lifestyle can be effective in reducing eye diseases.
Key Words: Eye diseases, Prevalence, Cataract, Trauma, Glaucoma, Retinal disorder
Hadi Moulaei, Kokab Namakin, Mohammad Hasan Namaei,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Gastrointestinal disease is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. One of the most important causes is Helicobacter pylori infection. Considering the importance of this bacterium and its different prevalence in different parts of the country, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its related factors in 9-15 year old asymptomatic children in Birjand city.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 332 children aged 9 to 15 years old in Birjand, in 2017. Individuals who had inclusion criteria were selected by multi-stage sampling. The demographic profile including age, sex, duration of breastfeeding, number of households, and number of yoghurt consumption per week, were completed for children. Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test was used in feces to evaluate Helicobacter pylori infection. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test at a significant level of 0.05.
Results: Of the 332 children studied, 59 (17.8%) children had Helicobacter pylori infection. Our results showed no significant relationship between sex and duration of lactation with Helicobacter pylori infection (p> 0.05). However, with increasing age and number of family members, Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly increased (p <0.05). By increasing the consumption of yogurt per week, Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly reduced (p = 0.02).
Conclusion: Due to the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and less frequently in dairy consumers should be given the necessary training for families.
Haleh Ghaem, Sima Afrashteh, Leila Nami Nazari, Sadegh Kargarian, Rogayyeh Nejatollahi,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Behavioral disorders (BD) is one of the most common problems in children. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of BD and its related factors among primary school students of Dashtestan, 2016.
Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytic study of cross-sectional type. The statistical population consisted of urban elementary students in Dashtestan. Participants in the study were 767 subjects who were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The tool used was Rutter's Teacher's Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and logistic regression test was used for data analysis.
Results: The age range of participants was 6-13 years and the mean age was 9.53 ± 1.88 years. The prevalence of BD among primary school students was 27%. The prevalence of BD among male students (33.5%) was higher than female ones (17.8%). In this study, it was found that there was a significant relationship between behavioral disorders and gender variables, student's educational status, mother's job, father's death and parental divorce. However, there was no significant relationship between behavioral disorder with age, academic basis, father's occupation, birth rate, number of family members, mother's death, and parents education.
Conclusion: The prevalence of behavioral disorders in Dashtestan is high compared to other studies. Given the importance of the individual and social health of adolescents and children and preventing the development of mental illness in adulthood, it is imperative that education authorities pay special attention to this issue.
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