Hossain Shirvani, Kourosh Ghahreman Tabrizi, Vahid Sobhani,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Humoral immune system is affected by the intensity, duration, and type of exercise. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of a 90 - minute intermittent exercise on the immune response of young soccer players. Materials and Methods: Twenty four trained young soccer players were selected and randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a soccer specific protocol. Blood samples of the subjects were taken in two non-consecutive times (i.e. before and 1 hour after exercise) and they were analyzed to determine their immune parameters (Leukocyte, Neutrophiles, IgM, IgG, IgA and serum Complement C3 and C4). The obtained data was analyzed by means of Minitab software (V: 14). Dependant t statistical test was used to compare the mean range of the parameters before and after the experiment in each group. Besides, Independent t test was applied for the same comparison between the twos groups. Results: It was found that a 90 - minute intermittent exercise session significantly increased the number of leukocytes (P=0.001), neutrophiles (P=0.001) and decreased serum IgG (P=0.001) and IgA (P=0.01) in the young soccer players. However, there was no significant difference in serum IgM and C3, C4 Complement components. Conclusion: In general, it seems that performing a 90- minute intermittent exercise session by young soccer players can cause stress and act as a suppressive factor against immunoglobulin G and A. Hence, it is likely that repeating such an exercise makes young soccer players prone to upper respiratory tract infection, resulting in the reduction of the two major immunoglobulins.
Abolfazl Abbaszadeh, Mohammad Ali Mahdiabadi, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Razieh Avan,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is one of the safest biological products, which is effective in the treatment of many diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the rational prescription pattern of IVIG based on the approved indications of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) among teaching hospitals in Birjand, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study included 300 patients receiving IVIG who were hospitalized in different wards of Razi and Vali-e-Asr hospitals in Birjand during 2016-19. Demographic characteristics, dose, duration of administration, duration of hospitalization, side effects, and other necessary information were extracted from patients' medical records. The collected data were compared with FDA-approved indications and dosages, followed by identifying the rate of rational prescription of the drug. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 19) through independent t-test (or Mann-Whitney) and Chi-square test to compare quantitative and qualitative variables in the groups, respectively.
Results: According to the results, half of the patients were male (n=150; 150%). The mean age of the patients receiving IVIG was 28.17±27.01 years. Most of the patients receiving IVIG (30.3%) were hospitalized in the neurology ward. Guillain-Barre syndrome and immune thrombocytopenic purpura accounted for the most prescription of IVIG. In total, 133 patients (44.3%) (95%CI: 38.6-50.1) received the drug according to the FDA on-labeled indication. The dose of IVIG was rationally based on FDA in 33% of the cases (95%CI: 27.7-38.6).
Conclusion: Due to the limited availability and high price of this product, it is recommended to formulate and closely monitor the implementation of rational IVIG consumption in the hospital based on the regional standard protocol, especially with the presence of clinical pharmacists.
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