Showing 15 results for Covid-19
Setare Kheyrandish, Amirhossein Rastgar, Farshid Abedi, Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
One of the goals of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization is to provide adequate healthy blood and reduce the risk of various viral and bacterial transmission infections. With the removal of alternative blood donation, all blood units and blood products are provided through voluntary blood donation in Iran. The Blood Transfusion Organization screens the donated blood according to standard guidelines to ensure blood recipients and physicians of providing healthy and pathogen-free components. With the emergence of novel pathogens, such as the pandemic of the COVID-19 virus, despite Iran's self-sufficiency in blood supply and blood products, the number of blood donors has decreased significantly since there is a lack of comprehensive information on pathophysiology and virus transmission ways. Moreover, the existence of some shortages in screening programs can cause problems. Therefore, this study was performed to review the studies conducted investigating this emerging virus regarding blood transfusions and the supply of blood components worldwide.
Nafiseh Erfanian, Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
The symptoms of COVID-19, caused by the newly known type of coronavirus, vary widely from asymptomatic, mild to severe respiratory infection leading to hospitalization or death of patients. To date, no specific drug has been reported for the treatment of patients affected by this virus. One of the approaches adopted for the treatment of this disease is the use of plasma therapy, which contains antibodies against the virus. Following of the plasma therapy have not been reported any serious side effects. Currently, the numbers of these studies are limited, and evaluation of the larger population studies can provide stronger evidence for treating physicians about the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach.
Seyyed Ali Moezi Bady, Toba Kazemi, Hamidreza Mashreghi-Moghadam, Nahid Azdaki, Neda Partovi, Nazanin Hanafi Bojd, Mohammad Yousof Qoddusi, Hassan Dianat, Shima Jafari,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (9-2021)
Abstract
In recent years, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have accounted for about 70% of the world's deaths. The most common NCDs are cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory diseases. These diseases have four common risk factors, including inadequate physical activity, unhealthy diet, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Cardiovascular diseases, despite their high prevalence, are the most preventable chronic diseases. The most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease is high blood pressure, which can be prevented if it is diagnosed and controlled carefully. Recent guidelines have changed the methods of blood pressure measurement, definition, and treatments. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on Out-of-Office Blood Pressure Measurement. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the methods of measuring blood pressure at home and 24-hour Holter blood pressure monitoring, as well as understanding its standards. The use of automatic arm sphygmomanometers to measure blood pressure is more acceptable than manual ones (mercury or Aneroid). The most accepted definitions of hypertension are BP≥140/90 mm Hg in the clinic, the average blood pressure at home≥135/85 mm Hg, and the average blood pressure in 24-hour Holter monitoring≥130/80 mm Hg. Proper treatment of hypertension by changing lifestyle and proper medication therapy can control blood pressure and prevent serious complications. Today, the use of combination drugs, especially a single pill in a single dose, has been emphasized. This study aimed to review the most recent hypertension treatment protocols based on the guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA 2017), the European Society of Cardiology (ESC 2018), the British Heart Association (NICE 2019), and the International Society of Hypertension (ISH 2020). Furthermore, this study attempted to assess the symptoms, complications, methods of diagnosing, definitions, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of hypertension.
Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, Ali Fathi-Ashtiani,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (9-2021)
Abstract
From the earliest days of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, all countries have been trying to develop vaccines and medications to fight the virus. Finally, a year after the COVID-2019 pandemic, several companies developed vaccines that were safe against this disease. However, the lack of doses of these vaccines created problems for various countries. Ethically, some groups should be highly prioritized according to their need and necessity of receiving the vaccine. Based on the results of current studies, safe and effective vaccination can be effective for the elderly and patients with chronic diseases and prevent the death of such people extensively. Since the national vaccination in Iran has started on February 12, 2021, with the priority of the medical staff, it is necessary to pay more attention to the elderly and patients with chronic diseases in future planning regarding the COVID-19 vaccination.
Zohre Gozidehkar, Hassan Gahani, Alireza Davary, Hossein Borna,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease, whose first case was reported in December 2019, and rapidly affected the world. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the frequency and factors associated with morbidity and mortality due to COVID -19 in Ghaen, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study used the information sources of the portal of Shohada Ghaen Hospital, Gaen, Iran, from March 2020 to December 2021, which was collected from 1,124 patients with suspected respiratory infection referring to the hospital. Data using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test for univariate relationships. Moreover, two-way logistic regression was used to investigate the causal relationships, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In this study, the mean age of participants (n=1,124) was obtained at 51.6±24.5 years, and 546 (48.6%) subjects had a positive COVID-19 test by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, among whom 65 (11.9%) cases passed away. Clinical symptoms of body aches, coughs, diarrhea, and shortness of breath were associated with a positive COVID-19 test. It was also revealed that habitat, diabetes, cardiovascular and lung diseases, age, and job were risk factors of COVID-19 infection, and hospitalization in the ICU and age were identified as risk factors for COVID-19-caused death (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In the present study, cough and shortness of breath were found to be the most frequent symptoms among patients and deceased individuals. Since these symptoms may be associated with a worse prognosis, they require the special attention of medical staff. The findings of this study also showed that the elderly were more at risk of death from this disease than other age groups, which increased the need for more education and attention to this group of society.
Gholamreza Faal,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Vertical transmission of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been reported in several case reports and case series, while the data regarding its transmission is controversial. Therefore, presenting different experiences from different regions can shed light on the virus's behavior during pregnancy. We reported a possible vertical transmission of COVID-19 from a mother to the neonate. A pregnant woman with signs and symptoms of mild respiratory illness and a low fetal heart rate at 36 weeks of gestation was induced to terminate the pregnancy. She had a positive COVID-19 test using RT-PCR before admission to the hospital, underwent an emergency cesarean section, and gave birth to a girl neonate. The COVID-19 test for the neonate was also positive. Although vertical transmission of COVID-19 has not been confirmed yet, there is growing evidence. Careful attention to the mother and newborn with positive COVID-19 and long-term follow-ups are needed to better understand the virus’s behavior during pregnancy.
Mehdi Zanganeh Baygi, Mostafa Peyvand, Maryam Ghorbani,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The COVID-19 disease has become a global problem and its prevention through vaccination has led to a reduction in the damage and human casualties at the time of its occurrence. Recognition of the factors that affect the acceptance of vaccination, identification of the barriers, and facilitation of decision-making in the field of vaccination are important aspects of designing effective strategies to improve the coverage of vaccination among the people of Zahedan province, Iran. This study aimed to explain the experiences of reluctance towards vaccination against COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: This applied conventional qualitative research was conducted in 2022. The study population included all individuals who refused to receive the vaccine after a public call for vaccination against COVID-19 in Zahedan. The data collection method was the semi-structured interview, based on an interview guide. The sampling method was goal-based till data saturation.
Results: In this study, 40 people who did not want to be vaccinated were interviewed. In the sub-coding stage of the analysis of interviews with participants, 15 concepts and finally 5 main categories (stereotyped beliefs, reception of inhibiting information, physical and taste limitations, lack of facilities and services, and shortness of decision-making bodies) were derived.
Conclusion: According to the results, low health literacy and underestimation of vaccination were the main reasons for reluctance towards vaccination against COVID-19. In order to address this shortcoming, major policies should be developed in the field of education. Attention to religious beliefs and aspects of fatalism, older age, and higher economic and social status can be specifically considered in the future plans of health policymakers regarding vaccination against COVID-19.
Ali Mohammadpour, Laleh Ranandeh Kalankesh, Mahmud Taghavi,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Environmental and social determinants play a key role in health safety, and this factor is significantly highlighted in a pandemic situation. In this review study, determinants of health were examined from social and environmental approaches n the conditions of the COVID-19 epidemic. The study followed the methodology of a regular unsystematic narrative review search from the scientific database. In this study, it was found that the most important environmental and social factors affecting health in epidemic conditions included access to clean air, access to clean water, proper management of healthcare waste, income, and education levels. It was notable that air pollution led to an increase in deaths caused by COVID-19, while research on cigarette smoking showed a reverse association with mortality rate. Additionally, access to clean water and proper management of hospital and medical centers waste would reduce the risk of the presence of the coronavirus in water sources and living environments. Moreover, a high level of education and training was stated as an essential factor in reducing mortality. People with high education levels had more compliance with health training. Moreover, high-income levels in people led to more access to health services and the supply of health-related necessities during the epidemic, which reduced the rate of death to a high extent.
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Forg, Hadi Hasani,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the psychological problems after the COVID-19 pandemic. Some people can cope with this trauma and return to their previous status or even achieve a higher level of performance, which is called post-traumatic growth. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the relationship between the PTSD and post-traumatic growth symptoms among patients discharged from COVID-19 intensive care units (ICU).
Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive study conducted on 172 patients discharged from COVID-19 ICU. Samples were selected with cluster randomized multistage method from the patients discharged from the ICU, with previous six months recovery. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, and post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth checklists. Then, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21).
Results: Results showed that 34.3% and 58.96% of patients experienced PTSD and post-traumatic growth, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that with the increase in PTSD score, the post-traumatic growth score also increased in these patients (r=0.524, P=0.001).
Conclusion: Post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth symptoms were common among COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. In addition, the more the patients experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms, the more likely they were to experience the post-traumatic growth.
Ali Ghaffarian, Masoud Ferdosi,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Among the types of migration, the migration of expert human resources is one of the most challenging for the immigrant sender countries. With the outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide, the importance of medical staff and the need for providing sufficient human resources in the healthcare section appeared more prominent. COVID-19 along with the existing economic challenges has intensified the process of medical staff migration in Iran, one of the immigrant sender countries. Investment in the development of expert human resources requires the allocation of large material resources, and wasting the mentioned resources also means giving these experts to the destination countries for free. Identification of different dimensions and the root causes of the migration of expert human resources helps policymakers in making effective decisions. In this study, economic-occupational factors, socio-cultural factors, and obstacles to continuing education were identified as the main factors of medical staff migration.
Mostafa Abdollahi, Ayoub Ayar, Seyede Fatemeh Hosseini,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (10-2023)
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic is a serious challenge for clinical education that has made nursing students and their tutors face problems in the learning and teaching process. The mean score of quality of clinical education in nursing students was obtained at 36.99±9.14 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The highest mean quality score of clinical education belonged to the “I willingly and voluntarily come to the bedside to perform educational procedures” (4.38±1.4), while the lowest mean score was related to the item “In general, due to the restrictions created by the COVID-19 conditions, I feel that the quality of clinical education has decreased” (2.15±1.18). It is highly recommended to carry out educational interventions to improve the educational goals in the clinical environment, boost the clinical performance of instructors, enhance communication between medical staff and nursing students, revise the evaluation process of nursing students, and increase the quality of welfare facilities in medical centers.
*Corresponding Author: Seyede Fatemeh Hosseini; Emails: Seyedefatemeh.hossieni@bums.ac.ir
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Tooba Kazemi, Ali Bidokhti, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Zahra Pirayesh,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
The changes in the causes of death in South Khorasan province, Iran, during 2002-2022 were examined in the present research. According to the data available in the “Mortality Data Registery” during these 20 years, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was the most common cause of death, and its rate has increased from 20% in 2002 to about 37.8% in 2022. Even during the COVID pandemic, CVD was the first cause of death in the province. In 2022, the most common causes of death were CVD (37.8%), respiratory diseases (15.2%), cancers (14%), and accidents (9.2%). One of the most effective factors in preventing CVD is paying attention to"Life’s essential 8 Cardiovascular Health", i.e., having normal blood glucose, blood pressure, serum lipids, body mass index, sufficient physical activity, healthy diet, sufficient night sleep, and being a non-smoker. In addition to individuals’ attention to these factors, it is necessary for healthcare system decision-makers to have systematic and continuous planning to enhance people's awareness and attitude regarding these eight factors.
*Corresponding Author: Tooba Kazemi;
Emails: drtooba.kazemi@gmail.com
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Faezeh Naimi, Elahe Allahyari, Sayyed Gholamreza Mortazavi Moghaddam,
Volume 30, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
With the emergence of Corona disease in late 2019, the healthcare network was directly and indirectly affected, and the process and management of patients other than COVID-19 changed. To evaluate some of these changes, the present study was conducted on post-COVID-19 hospital admissions of patients who have been infected with Coronavirus in the past. The census method was used for patients’ recruitment. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive/analytical statistical methods. A total of 202 patients with a mean age of (57.60±18.73) years, including 109 (54%) women and 93 (46%) men, were recruited. The number and percentage of cases admitted in internal, infectious, neurology, and heart wards, were 63 (31%), 52 (25.7%), 35 (17.3%), and 31 (15.3%), respectively. No correlation was found between the history of hospitalization and the type of treatment specific to COVID-19 (Remdesivir) and the disease that led to re-hospitalization after recovery from COVID-19 (P=0.08). Regardless of whether receiving Remdesivir or not, post-COVID-19 hospitalization due to various reasons in internal and infectious wards was the most frequent, respectively, followed by cardiovascular events.
*Corresponding Author: Sayyed Gholamreza Mortazavi Moghaddam; Emails: gmortazavi@yahoo.com
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Saeed Bakhshi, Bita Bijari,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
The most important way to control COVID-19, with high contagiousness and no specific treatment, is prevention. Due to the lack of a similar study, this research aimed to assess Covid-19 anxiety and the factors affecting the preventive behaviors of Covid-19 from the perspective of clients referring to the comprehensive health centers according to the social and cultural beliefs of the region. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 patients referring to comprehensive health centers of Birjand during the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2022. In this study, after obtaining informed consent from the clients, a researcher-made questionnaire regarding COVID-19 preventive behaviors, the COVID-19 anxiety scale, and the demographic information checklist were completed by participants. The most preventive behavior in the studied clients was wearing a mask when leaving home. The mean score of preventive behavior in women was significantly higher than that of men (P<0.001), and the mean score of preventive behavior according to the occupation of the clients was significantly different from each other (P=0.010). There was a positive and significant relationship between the anxiety score and preventive behavior of subjects, with a correlation coefficient of 0.321 (P<0.001). The correlation coefficient between risk perception and preventive behavior against Covid-19 was 0.325, while between vulnerability and preventive behavior, it was 0.333. Considering the relationship between anxiety and preventive behavior of individuals, it is possible to promote preventive behavior in individuals by increasing the awareness and appropriate information about the serious complications of the disease, as well as the ways of transmission through the national media and cyberspace.
Shahab Tavakoli, Mryam Sadat Rahimi,
Volume 31, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Adhesive capsulitis is a painful shoulder disease associated with fibrotic and inflammatory contracture of the rotator cuff, capsule, and ligaments. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiological factors predisposing patients to frozen shoulders during the COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 eras. It also evaluated the role of COVID-19 infection or vaccination in adhesive capsulitis among patients referred to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the participants were 83 patients with adhesive capsulitis referred to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand City in Iran from September 23, 2022, to March 20, 2023. A checklist was completed according to the study's objectives, which included demographic information, such as age, gender, and anthropometric measurements of height and weight. Additionally, it recorded details about the dominant hand, affected hand, history of COVID-19 infection, history of vaccination against COVID-19 (including type and number of doses received), and any underlying diseases.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.45±10.2 years. In addition, 59% of patients were female, 90.4% had the right dominant hand, and 59.1% of patients showed the occurrence of disease in the non-dominant shoulder. Moreover, 51.8% had a history of COVID-19 infection. All the examined patients had a history of the COVID-19 vaccination.
Conclusion: In conclusion, old age, female gender, and diabetes were among the risk factors of adhesive capsulitis. According to this study and similar works from pre-COVID situations, with comparable risk factors and occurrences of frozen shoulder, it is likely that COVID-19 cannot be recognized as an independent risk factor. However, further studies in this field are recommended.
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