Showing 9 results for Ebrahimzadeh
N. Naseh, F. Ebrahimzadeh, A. Behnia, Sa. Saadatjoo,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (April & July 2005)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Small for Gestational Age (SGA) prevalence is one of the most important indicators of health, Hygiene, and socioeconomic status of society. SGA markedly increases mortality and morbidity in infancy. In addition, psychologic and physical complications will increase in the individuals as they grow up. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of SGA and its risk factors.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was carried out on 950 singleton neonates born alive in Birjand maternity hospitals that whose gestational age of pregnancy was well defined. Information was collected by questionnaire and standard measurement of weight was done by German Seca scales. Weight and height and head circumference were measured by a metric tape. The data was analyzed by SPSS software, Chi-Square and Fisher Exact Test; and P≤0.05 was considered as the significant level.
Results: Prevalence of SGA was 24.3% and its prevalence significantly increased (P<0.05) in female neonates, housewife mothers (compared with employed one), term neonates (compared with preterm ones), hypertensive mothers (compared with normotensive) and in mothers with chronic illnesses such as hypertension, epilepsy and kidney disease (compared with. healthy mothers). But there was no significant relationship between SGA prevalence and parents' literacy, mother's age, living place, passive smoking and prenatology visits.
Conclusion: Higher prevalence of SGA in Birjand is probably related to socioeconomic status and race.
A. Ebrahimzadeh, F. Madarshahian,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (January 2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Brucellosis has widespread prevalence and is one of the endemic diseases in our country, Iran. It is estimated that every year almost 500000 cases of Brucellosis - mostly Brucella Melitensis-occur in the world. Any type of brucellosis demands a specific treatment. Thus, this study was conducted to compare reduction of Brucellosis anti-antibody level in the serum one year after treatment with two regimens, i.e. Streptomycin + Doxycyclin and Rifampin + Doxycyclin. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 100 patients with Brucellosis based on the clinical findings wright ≥ 1/80 and 2ME ≥ 1/80. The cases were randomly divided into two groups one received Streptomycin + Doxycyclin (50 cases), and the other group was treated by Rifampin + Doxycyclin (50 cases). Then 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment Wright and 2ME tests were performed and their results compared by means of statistics using Chi-Square test. Results: The findings of the study showed that age of the cases ranged between 13 and 78 years and 46% of them were 39-48 years old. Results of the tests revealed no significant differences before treatment ,but immediately after treatment significant differences were observed in the two groups (Wright: P=0.05, 2ME: P=0.005) as in the first group tests tended to be negative more rapidly than in the second group. Wright’s test after 3 months showed significant differences in the two groups (P= 0.05) but there were no significant differences at 6 and 12 months following treatment. Conclusion: Regarding the rapidity of negative titers of tests in the first group immediately and 3 months after treatment, it could be inferred that Streptomycin regimen leads to a more effective treatment with rapid recovery which is also accompanied by reduction in the disease anti–antibody level in the serum.
A. Ebrahimzadeh, Gh.r. Sharifzadeh, S. Eshaghi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (April 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Tuberculosis (TB) covers a wide spectrum of clinical diseases caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Each second, one individual is infected with TB every four seconds one develops it and every 10 seconds one patient loses his or her life because of the disease. Ten million new cases of TB and 3 million deaths by this infection are reported annually. Regarding the importance of the disease in our country, particularly its high prevalence in the bordering provinces of the country, the present study was designed and carried out to assess the epidemiology of TB in Birjand. Materials and Methods: This research was an analytical and descriptive study covering all patients who had referred to the center of TB control in Birjand during one decade (1996-2006). Data collection was done through a questionnaire aptly designed for the study. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS software, statistical tests including 2 and t-test were used at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: Totally, 840 cases were diagnosed 42.6% of them were males, 96.1% Iranians, and 41% were villagers. Mean age of the patients was 48.921.6 years. Prevalence of the disease varied between 14.6% (the least) and 40.6% (the most) per 100000 people .Out of the total cases, %70 (588 patients) were pulmonary tuberculosis and %30 (252) were extrapulmonary the most common of which were lymph node, spinal column, and pleural TB. Regarding types of the disease 90.5% were new cases, 8% were relapses, 0.6% treatment failure, 0.2% resistant 83.7% were treated with a 6 month and 16.3% with an 8 month regimen. This research didn't show any significant difference with respect to sex, nationality, and habitation. Mean age of developing the disease in males was significantly higher than females’ (P=0.003). The age of the patients was also significantly higher in extrapulmonary compared to pulmonary TB (P<0.001). Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of TB incidence in Birjand it is necessary to follow up case finding, prevention and treatment of TB in the health-care system of the city so that an appropriate condition for the decrease of TB incidence would be provided.
M Kordi, R Alijahan, P Pourjavad, S Ebrahimzadeh, A Mahmoudian,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (October 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Detection of women at risk of dystocia could minimize the maternal and neonatal morbidity. The objective of our study was to determine The diagnostic accuracy of the combination of maternal height and transvers diagonal of Michaelis sacral rhomboid to predict dystocia in nulliparous women who referred to Ommolbanin Hospital of Mashade between December 2008 and June 2009. Materials and Methods: In this validity study of diagnostic methods we included 447 nulliparous women with a single pregnancy in vertex presentation and with gestational age of ≥ 38 weeks. The transvers diagonal of the Michaelis sacral rhomboid area and maternal height were assessed in cervical dilatation of ≤ 5 centimeters, then labor progress was monitored and dystocia was defined as caesarean section and vacuum or forceps delivery for abnormal progress of labor (at presence of effective uterine contractions, arrest of cervical dilatation or cervical dilatation less than 1 centimeter/hour in the active phase for 2 hours and duration of second stage more 2 hours or fetal head descend less than 1cm/h). Results: Maternal height ≤ 155 centimeters had a sensitivity of 50%, a specificity of 70/8% and an accuracy of 68/2%. The transverse diagonal of the Michaelis sacral rhomboid area ≤ 9/6 centimeter resulted in a sensitivity of 60/7%, a specificity of 84/1% and an accuracy of 81/2%. The highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were obtained from combination of maternal height tand transvers diagonal of Michaelis sacral and were respectively 89/4%, 90/7% and 86/2%. Conclusion: Transverse diagonal of the Michaelis sacral rhomboid area in comparison to maternal height was the better predictor of dystocia and its combination with maternal height results in a better indicator for prediction of dystocia. This method could predict 86/2% of cases of dystocia and normal vaginal delivery.
A Rajabzadeh, A Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan, J Hami, A Rajabzadeh, E Serki,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (October 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common complication of diabetes. Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. It has been shown that vitamin E and lovastatin delay the onset and progression of nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of vitamin E and lovastatin on glomerular volume in diabetic rat kidney. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 was considered as control group and groups 2-5 as experimental groups in which diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Sixty days after induction of diabetes, the rats of group 3, 4 and 5 were received lovastatin (10 mg/kg/day), vitamin E (100 IU/kg), and simultaneously lovastatin and vitamin E, respectively. After treatment, the rats were anesthetized and then the kidneys were excised and fixed. Following tissue processing and staining, glomerular and kidney volume were estimated by cavalieri method. Results: Total glomerular volume was increased significantly in the diabetic group (group 2) in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). The lovastatin group (group 3) showed a significant decrease in total glomerular volume in comparison with the diabetic group (p<0.01). However, in the vitamin E group (group 4), total glomerular volume decreased much more than in the lovastatin group and the lovastatin and vitamin E (group 5) simultaneously (P<0.001).. Conclusion: It is possible that administration of lovastatin and vitamin E has renal protective effects on diabetic rats and ameliorates renal function and also prevents structural changes in an experimental model of diabetic nephropathy.
Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh, Seyyed Alireza Saadatjoo, Mohammadreza Rezvani,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (April 2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Tuberculosis is a chronic lung infection that has contaminated 1/3 of men worldwide and nowadays causes 2 million deaths and 9 million diseases. One of the can be can be assisted tests, in addition to smear, in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is lung radiography. In tuberculosis patients radiography of negative smear samples, which is often diagnosed with delay, can be assisted. In the present study, radiographic changes of tuberculosis patients with positive smear and those with negative smear have been compared. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, retrospective, and analytical study, out of 376 patients who had exactly been diagnosed as tuberculosis ones and had been referred to Birjand health center during 2001-2006. One hundred patients whose smear tests were positive, according to WHO's standards, were selected .Then, among negative smear patients 100 individuals who were demographically compatible with positive smear ones were chosen. All of them had x-rays from their lungs, which were then interpreted by a radiologist. Moreover, all patients' sputum tests were done in the reference lab of the Health Center under a technician. The obtained data was analyzed by means of frequency distribution table and descriptive statistics using SPSS (version 15) and Chi-square statistical test. Results: Except reticulunoduler infiltration, relative frequency of other radiographic findings in positive smear patients was more than negative smear ones and only in the variables calcification, adenopathy of the lungs hilum, mediastinal widening, and patchy infiltration the difference was statistically significant P<0.05. Conclusion: Regarding the results of the study, although radiographic changes are not decisive in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis if they are accompanied by clinical symptoms and sputum smear, they can be assisted.
Salehe Nazari, Nooredin Nazarnezhad, Mohamadali Ebrahimzadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (April 2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Plants are a rich source of phenolic compounds as natural antioxidants are important. Antioxidant compounds that prevent the spread of diseases and the destruction of many of the foods they are extracted from the bark of Acer velutinum and Alnus subcordata trees. The purpose of this study the required the use of bark as the source of phenol is the pharmaceutical industry. Materials and Methods: In this study research, ethanol extracts of the dried bark of Acer velutinum and Alnus subcordata trees were extracted using soxhle. First the amount of total phenol and flavonoids extract measured then to evaluate antioxidant properties of extracted extracts three methods diphenyl picryl hydrazyl, regenerative power produced and nitric oxide were used. Results: The results showed that phenol and flavonoid content, respectively, were greater in the bark of Acer and Alnus. Reviews DPPH showed that inhibitory concentration 50% of ethanol extract of the bark of Acer and Alnus, respectively, with values of 178.11 and 7.23 micrograms per milliliter. The reducing power of extracts of Alnus was better than Acer. In Nitric oxide trap test, ethanol extract inhibitory concentration 50% in Acer extract 2.11 and in Alnus 3.27 micrograms per milliliter was calculated. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Acer and Alnus in three test case study, showed an acceptable antioxidant activity, thus providing a useful source of natural antioxidants are. so can as a useful resource for Supply natural antioxidants are.
Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (January 2019)
Abstract
Farnoush Ebrahimzadeh, Sara Samadi, Zahra Mirfeizi, Kamila Hashemzadeh,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (May 2024)
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomas in multiple organs and an unknown cause. This chronic inflammatory disease is heterogeneous in terms of manifestations, duration, and severity. Although its aetiology is not well understood, there are indications of the genetic basis and the involvement of specific microorganisms and vitamin D in the development of this disease. Sarcoidosis can affect individuals of any age; however, it is more commonly observed in young adults and middle-aged subjects. The clinical course of the disease is unpredictable; nevertheless, in general, it can manifest as pulmonary, cardiac, cutaneous, ocular, skeletal-muscular, neurological, and renal involvement. Pulmonary involvement occurs in most patients and respiratory failure is the most common cause of death associated with sarcoidosis. Although numerous biomarkers have been evaluated in recent decades for patients with sarcoidosis, the diagnostic method is complex and no single diagnostic test can confirm the disease. Future research should focus on the combination of biomarkers and more refined imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). By utilizing these techniques and markers, it may be possible to design diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Corticosteroids are considered the mainstay of treatment for most patients. Moreover, novel therapies, including the administration of rituximab and repository corticotropin injection (a combination of adrenocorticotropic hormone analogs and other pituitary peptides [RCI, Acthar® Gel]), have been reported to be effective in some cases.
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