Volume 33, Issue 3 (9-2026)
J Transl Med Res. 2026, 33(3): 227-240 |
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Research code: IR.JUMS.REC.1394.023
Ethics code: IR.JUMS.REC.1394.023
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Shakeri A, Behzadi A, Parsayeemanesh E, Sobhanian S. Preliminary evaluation of a blood backflow alert chip for peripheral intravenous access and factors associated with its responseits response in hospitalized patients. , J Transl Med Res.. 2026; 33 (3) :227-240
URL: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-3641-en.html
URL: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-3641-en.html
1- Medical Ethics Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
2- Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Comprehensive Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Behzadiarezoo2000@gmail.com
3- School of Nursing, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
4- Medical Ethics Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom , Iran
2- Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Comprehensive Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,
3- School of Nursing, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
4- Medical Ethics Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom , Iran
Abstract: (284 Views)
Background and Aims: Blood reflux into peripheral intravenous (IV) infusion lines is a common challenge in nursing care that may disrupt fluid administration and cause adverse complications. Early detection of this phenomenon is essential to prevent subsequent complications. A non-contact warning device equipped with an infrared sensor can detect blood reflux in the IV line and provide real-time monitoring and alerts. This study aimed to evaluate the device's performance and examine the association between patients' clinical characteristics and its response.
Materials and Methods: This clinical study included 83 hospitalized patients with peripheral IV access. The performance was evaluated during episodes of blood reflux, and the response time (from the detection of blood reflux to alarm activation) was recorded. A positive device response was defined as alarm activation in less than 15 seconds. Variables including age, gender, IV catheter insertion site, hemoglobin level, blood pressure, cardiac disease, anticoagulant use, and hemophobia were assessed and analyzed for their associations with the device response.
Results: The device activated the alarm within the predefined time interval in 70 of 83 cases (84.3%). A statistically significant association was observed between device performance and patients’ gender (P=0.001). Furthermore, the mean hemoglobin level and blood pressure were significantly higher in the positive-response group than in the negative-response group (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively).
Conclusion: The device demonstrated acceptable performance in detecting blood reflux and activating an alarm within 15 seconds. The observed associations between device response and clinical variables, including gender, hemoglobin level, and blood pressure, suggest that physiological characteristics may influence device performance. Further studies with larger sample sizes and more diverse clinical settings are recommended to validate these findings, establish the device's clinical applicability, and support its standardization.
Materials and Methods: This clinical study included 83 hospitalized patients with peripheral IV access. The performance was evaluated during episodes of blood reflux, and the response time (from the detection of blood reflux to alarm activation) was recorded. A positive device response was defined as alarm activation in less than 15 seconds. Variables including age, gender, IV catheter insertion site, hemoglobin level, blood pressure, cardiac disease, anticoagulant use, and hemophobia were assessed and analyzed for their associations with the device response.
Results: The device activated the alarm within the predefined time interval in 70 of 83 cases (84.3%). A statistically significant association was observed between device performance and patients’ gender (P=0.001). Furthermore, the mean hemoglobin level and blood pressure were significantly higher in the positive-response group than in the negative-response group (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively).
Conclusion: The device demonstrated acceptable performance in detecting blood reflux and activating an alarm within 15 seconds. The observed associations between device response and clinical variables, including gender, hemoglobin level, and blood pressure, suggest that physiological characteristics may influence device performance. Further studies with larger sample sizes and more diverse clinical settings are recommended to validate these findings, establish the device's clinical applicability, and support its standardization.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Nursing
Received: 2026/08/11 | Accepted: 2026/09/23 | ePublished: 2026/09/23
Received: 2026/08/11 | Accepted: 2026/09/23 | ePublished: 2026/09/23
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