Volume 29, Issue 2 (Aug 2022)
J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2022, 29(2): 128-141 |
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Research code: 2669
Ethics code: IR.ZAUMS.REC.1398.293
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Yousefzadeh A, Ansari H, Yadegari M A, Gandomi N, Ebadi N, Avestan Z. Prevalence of hypertension, prehypertension and related factors among Under 40 years old health, medical and administrative staffs in Birjand, 2021. Journals of Birjand University of Medical Sciences 2022; 29 (2) :128-141
URL: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-3128-en.html
URL: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-3128-en.html
Ali Yousefzadeh1 
, Hossien Ansari *2 , Mohammad Ali Yadegari3 , Narges Gandomi4 , Najmeh Ebadi5 , Zoleykha Avestan6
, Hossien Ansari *2 , Mohammad Ali Yadegari3 , Narges Gandomi4 , Najmeh Ebadi5 , Zoleykha Avestan6
1- Department of Epidemiology and Bistatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
2- Department of Epidemiology and Bistatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,ansarih88@gmail.com
3- Department of Operating Room and Anesthesiology, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
4- MS of Health Education, Shahid Rahimi hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
5- Residence of Endodontics, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
6- MS of Nursing, Emam Khomeini hospital of Naghadeh, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
2- Department of Epidemiology and Bistatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,
3- Department of Operating Room and Anesthesiology, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
4- MS of Health Education, Shahid Rahimi hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
5- Residence of Endodontics, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
6- MS of Nursing, Emam Khomeini hospital of Naghadeh, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Background and Aims: Prehypertension is a warning sign in young people since it is an indicator of the risk of hypertension in adulthood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension, as well as their related factors, among health, medical and administrative staff in Birjand, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study carried out on 1,180 health and administrative staff under 40 years old. Data were collected through a standard World Health Organization STEP questionnaire, measuring blood pressure, as well as height and weight, by the researcher and trained interviewers. To ensure the accuracy of the measurement, the employees with hypertension and prehypertension were re-evaluated according to the JNC7 criteria two weeks later. The data were analyzed using t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Chi-square, and logistic regression in the SPSS software (version 20).
Results: The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 5.3% and 34.2%, respectively. The mean for systolic blood pressure was 114.2±11.03 mmHg. Based on logistic regression analysis, age, gender, workplace, and family history had a significant relationship with hypertension, while body mass index and socioeconomic status had a significant relationship with prehypertension (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that a significant percentage of employees at young ages had prehypertension; however, they were unaware of their disease due to a lack of screening and that they were asymptomatic. Therefore, this group should benefit from intervention programs to prevent and control high blood pressure among them. The findings also suggest that this issue should be considered more seriously in the staff of other departments, compared to the medical staff. Moreover, the findings indicated that obesity can also play a role in prehypertension.
1- Kumar Chenji S, Sivanesan S, Kamath V, Kamath A. Cross-sectional analysis of obesity and high blood pressure among undergraduate students of a university medical college in South India. Fam Med. 2018; 6(2): 63-9. DOI: 10.15212/FMCH.2017.0134
2- Benvan G, SedghiSabet M, Baghaei M, Roshan A, Sedighi A. Correlation between Blood Pressure and vascular complications after coronary artery angiography. J Holist Nurs Midwifery. 2016; 26(2): 9-18. URL: http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-682-en.html
3- Sadeghi R, Khanjani N. The Effect of an Educational Intervention According to Hygienic Belief Model in Improving Care and Controlling among Patients with Hypertension. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2014; 13(4): 383-94. [Persian] URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-2005-en.html
4- Sainju N, Sankaran R. The risk factors for hypertension among medical and dental students at a private medical college: Findings from a cross-sectional study. WebmedCentral HYPERTENSION. 2015; 6(7):WMC004941. URL: https://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4941
5- Kumar H, Uniyal N, Bawa S, Kumar S. A Prevalence of Prehypertension in Students of Tertiary Care institute of North India. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2014; 3(2): 212-14. DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2013.051220131
6- Kulkarni MM, Hemagiri K, Patil RS. Prehypertension and associated factors among medical students of SSIMS & RC, Davangere--a cross-sectional study. J Indian Med Assoc. 2011; 109(10): 733-4. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22482320/
7- Supratik B, Ganarja B, Ramesh M. Correlation between the blood Group, BMI and pre-hypertension among medical students. J Chin Clin Med. 2010; 5(2): 78-8.
8- Poulter N, Caulfield M. Hypertension. Lancet. 2015; 386(9995): 801-12. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61468-9
9- Rani B, Jha S, Punia A, Singh S, Tarun. Prevalence and risk factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among attendants of patients at a rural tertiary care institute of Haryana. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2019; 6(4): 1657-64. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191401
10- Al-Majed HT, Sadek AA.Pre-hypertension and hypertension in college students in Kuwait: a neglected issue. J Family Community Med. 2012; 19(2): 105.DOI: 10.4103/2230-8229.98296
11- Dores H, Maia J, Paixāo L. Blood pressure in young adults. Rev Port Cardiol Rev Port Cardiol. 2010; 508(29): 1495. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21265492/
12- Sheikh Sharafi H. The Relation Between the Blood Pressure with Body Mass Index in the Ages between 18-3. Iran J Nurs. 29(102): 11-21. [Persian] DOI: 10.29252/ijn.29.102.11
13- Farshidi H, Zare S, Zayghami B, Boushehri E. Distribution of blood pressure in Bandar Abbas population aged higher than 18 years in 2002. J Prevent Med. 2016; 3 (1): 59-70. [Persian] URL: http://jpm.hums.ac.ir/article-1-151-fa.html
14- Koura M, Al-Sowielem, Makki SM. Prehypertension among young adult females in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J. 2012; 18(7): 724-38. DOI: 10.26719/2012.18.728
15- Ortiz-Galeano I, Nieto Rodríguez J, Ungría Cañete M. Arterial pre-hypertension in young adults. Rev Clin Esp. 2012; 212: 287-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2012.03.008
16- Mirhoseini SJ, Mazloomy S, Moghadasi Amiri M, Alizadeh S. The study of blood pressure related factors based on health blief model in yazd. J Toloo-e-behdasht. 2019. 18(4):107-119. [Persian] DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1861
17- Ahad F. Prevalence of prehypertension among medical students and its correlation with anthropometric indices. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2018; 7(12): 1018- 22. DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2018.0925920092018
18- AlWabel AH AM AF, Aloraini AY, AlobaysiHM, Alalwi RM. Assessment of Hypertension and its Associated Risk Factors among Medical Students in Qassim Universit. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2018; 29(5): 1100-8 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.243959
19- Sahebi L, Vahidi RG, Mousavi S. Prevalence of hypertension and associated variables in hospital staff in Iran. Acta Medica Saliniana. 2010; 39(1): 6-13. [Persian] DOI: 10.5457/ams.138.10
20- Mirmiran P, Azad Bakht L, Esmailzadeh A, Sohrab G, Azizi F. Predictors of cardiovascular risk factors in adults from Tehran. Razi j Med Sci. 2004; 10 (37): 789-797. URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.html
21- Umuerri E, Aiwuyo H. Prevalence and correlates of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Delta State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional community-based study. Ghana Med J. 2020; 54(1): 48-57. DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v54i1.8
22- Cipullo J, Martin J, Ciorlia L, Godoy M, Cação J, Loureiro A, et al. Hypertension prevalence and risk factors in a Brazilian urban population. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010; 94(4): 519-26. DOI: 10.1590/s0066-782x2010005000014
23- Rahmanian K, Shojaie M. The prevalence of pre-hypertension and its association to established cardiovascular risk factors in south of Iran. BMC Res Notes. 2012; 5(1): 1-6. . [Persian] DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-386
24- Huang Y, Guo P, Karmacharya BM, Seeruttun SR, Xu DR, Hao Y. Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis. glob health res policy. 2019; 4(1): 1-0. DOI: 10.1186/s41256-019-0102-6.
25- Brahmankar T, Prabhu P. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the bank employees of Western Maharashtra–a cross sectional study. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017; 4(4): 1267. DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171361
26- Dhumne U, Dhatrak S, Nandi S. Effect of age and body mass index on the status of prehypertension and hypertension among mine employees. Int j clin exp. 2015; 2(3): 165-8. URL: https://www.ijcep.org/index.php/ijcep/article/view/89
27- Mengistu M. Pattern of blood pressure distribution and prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension among adults in Northern Ethiopia: disclosing the hidden burden. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014; 14(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-33
28- Rahman M, Zaman MM, Islam JY, Chowdhury J, Ahsan HN, Rahman R, et al. Prevalence, treatment patterns, and risk factors of hypertension and pre-hypertension among Bangladeshi adults. J Hum Hypertens. 2018; 32(5): 334-48. DOI: 10.1038/s41371-017-0018-x
29- Azizi A, Abasi M, Abdoli G. The prevalence of Hypertension and its Association with Age, Sex and BMI in a Population Being Educated Using Community-Based Medicine in Kermanshah. Endocrin Metabol. 2008; 10(4): 323-29. . [Persian] URL: http://ijem.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-578-en.html
Background and Aims: Prehypertension is a warning sign in young people since it is an indicator of the risk of hypertension in adulthood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension, as well as their related factors, among health, medical and administrative staff in Birjand, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study carried out on 1,180 health and administrative staff under 40 years old. Data were collected through a standard World Health Organization STEP questionnaire, measuring blood pressure, as well as height and weight, by the researcher and trained interviewers. To ensure the accuracy of the measurement, the employees with hypertension and prehypertension were re-evaluated according to the JNC7 criteria two weeks later. The data were analyzed using t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Chi-square, and logistic regression in the SPSS software (version 20).
Results: The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 5.3% and 34.2%, respectively. The mean for systolic blood pressure was 114.2±11.03 mmHg. Based on logistic regression analysis, age, gender, workplace, and family history had a significant relationship with hypertension, while body mass index and socioeconomic status had a significant relationship with prehypertension (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that a significant percentage of employees at young ages had prehypertension; however, they were unaware of their disease due to a lack of screening and that they were asymptomatic. Therefore, this group should benefit from intervention programs to prevent and control high blood pressure among them. The findings also suggest that this issue should be considered more seriously in the staff of other departments, compared to the medical staff. Moreover, the findings indicated that obesity can also play a role in prehypertension.
1- Kumar Chenji S, Sivanesan S, Kamath V, Kamath A. Cross-sectional analysis of obesity and high blood pressure among undergraduate students of a university medical college in South India. Fam Med. 2018; 6(2): 63-9. DOI: 10.15212/FMCH.2017.0134
2- Benvan G, SedghiSabet M, Baghaei M, Roshan A, Sedighi A. Correlation between Blood Pressure and vascular complications after coronary artery angiography. J Holist Nurs Midwifery. 2016; 26(2): 9-18. URL: http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-682-en.html
3- Sadeghi R, Khanjani N. The Effect of an Educational Intervention According to Hygienic Belief Model in Improving Care and Controlling among Patients with Hypertension. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2014; 13(4): 383-94. [Persian] URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-2005-en.html
4- Sainju N, Sankaran R. The risk factors for hypertension among medical and dental students at a private medical college: Findings from a cross-sectional study. WebmedCentral HYPERTENSION. 2015; 6(7):WMC004941. URL: https://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4941
5- Kumar H, Uniyal N, Bawa S, Kumar S. A Prevalence of Prehypertension in Students of Tertiary Care institute of North India. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2014; 3(2): 212-14. DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2013.051220131
6- Kulkarni MM, Hemagiri K, Patil RS. Prehypertension and associated factors among medical students of SSIMS & RC, Davangere--a cross-sectional study. J Indian Med Assoc. 2011; 109(10): 733-4. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22482320/
7- Supratik B, Ganarja B, Ramesh M. Correlation between the blood Group, BMI and pre-hypertension among medical students. J Chin Clin Med. 2010; 5(2): 78-8.
8- Poulter N, Caulfield M. Hypertension. Lancet. 2015; 386(9995): 801-12. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61468-9
9- Rani B, Jha S, Punia A, Singh S, Tarun. Prevalence and risk factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among attendants of patients at a rural tertiary care institute of Haryana. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2019; 6(4): 1657-64. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191401
10- Al-Majed HT, Sadek AA.Pre-hypertension and hypertension in college students in Kuwait: a neglected issue. J Family Community Med. 2012; 19(2): 105.DOI: 10.4103/2230-8229.98296
11- Dores H, Maia J, Paixāo L. Blood pressure in young adults. Rev Port Cardiol Rev Port Cardiol. 2010; 508(29): 1495. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21265492/
12- Sheikh Sharafi H. The Relation Between the Blood Pressure with Body Mass Index in the Ages between 18-3. Iran J Nurs. 29(102): 11-21. [Persian] DOI: 10.29252/ijn.29.102.11
13- Farshidi H, Zare S, Zayghami B, Boushehri E. Distribution of blood pressure in Bandar Abbas population aged higher than 18 years in 2002. J Prevent Med. 2016; 3 (1): 59-70. [Persian] URL: http://jpm.hums.ac.ir/article-1-151-fa.html
14- Koura M, Al-Sowielem, Makki SM. Prehypertension among young adult females in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J. 2012; 18(7): 724-38. DOI: 10.26719/2012.18.728
15- Ortiz-Galeano I, Nieto Rodríguez J, Ungría Cañete M. Arterial pre-hypertension in young adults. Rev Clin Esp. 2012; 212: 287-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2012.03.008
16- Mirhoseini SJ, Mazloomy S, Moghadasi Amiri M, Alizadeh S. The study of blood pressure related factors based on health blief model in yazd. J Toloo-e-behdasht. 2019. 18(4):107-119. [Persian] DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1861
17- Ahad F. Prevalence of prehypertension among medical students and its correlation with anthropometric indices. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2018; 7(12): 1018- 22. DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2018.0925920092018
18- AlWabel AH AM AF, Aloraini AY, AlobaysiHM, Alalwi RM. Assessment of Hypertension and its Associated Risk Factors among Medical Students in Qassim Universit. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2018; 29(5): 1100-8 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.243959
19- Sahebi L, Vahidi RG, Mousavi S. Prevalence of hypertension and associated variables in hospital staff in Iran. Acta Medica Saliniana. 2010; 39(1): 6-13. [Persian] DOI: 10.5457/ams.138.10
20- Mirmiran P, Azad Bakht L, Esmailzadeh A, Sohrab G, Azizi F. Predictors of cardiovascular risk factors in adults from Tehran. Razi j Med Sci. 2004; 10 (37): 789-797. URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.html
21- Umuerri E, Aiwuyo H. Prevalence and correlates of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Delta State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional community-based study. Ghana Med J. 2020; 54(1): 48-57. DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v54i1.8
22- Cipullo J, Martin J, Ciorlia L, Godoy M, Cação J, Loureiro A, et al. Hypertension prevalence and risk factors in a Brazilian urban population. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010; 94(4): 519-26. DOI: 10.1590/s0066-782x2010005000014
23- Rahmanian K, Shojaie M. The prevalence of pre-hypertension and its association to established cardiovascular risk factors in south of Iran. BMC Res Notes. 2012; 5(1): 1-6. . [Persian] DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-386
24- Huang Y, Guo P, Karmacharya BM, Seeruttun SR, Xu DR, Hao Y. Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis. glob health res policy. 2019; 4(1): 1-0. DOI: 10.1186/s41256-019-0102-6.
25- Brahmankar T, Prabhu P. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the bank employees of Western Maharashtra–a cross sectional study. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017; 4(4): 1267. DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171361
26- Dhumne U, Dhatrak S, Nandi S. Effect of age and body mass index on the status of prehypertension and hypertension among mine employees. Int j clin exp. 2015; 2(3): 165-8. URL: https://www.ijcep.org/index.php/ijcep/article/view/89
27- Mengistu M. Pattern of blood pressure distribution and prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension among adults in Northern Ethiopia: disclosing the hidden burden. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014; 14(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-33
28- Rahman M, Zaman MM, Islam JY, Chowdhury J, Ahsan HN, Rahman R, et al. Prevalence, treatment patterns, and risk factors of hypertension and pre-hypertension among Bangladeshi adults. J Hum Hypertens. 2018; 32(5): 334-48. DOI: 10.1038/s41371-017-0018-x
29- Azizi A, Abasi M, Abdoli G. The prevalence of Hypertension and its Association with Age, Sex and BMI in a Population Being Educated Using Community-Based Medicine in Kermanshah. Endocrin Metabol. 2008; 10(4): 323-29. . [Persian] URL: http://ijem.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-578-en.html
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Epidemiology
Received: 2022/02/5 | Accepted: 2022/05/26 | ePublished ahead of print: 2022/07/27 | ePublished: 2022/09/3
Received: 2022/02/5 | Accepted: 2022/05/26 | ePublished ahead of print: 2022/07/27 | ePublished: 2022/09/3
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