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Haghighi F, Habibi A, Tavakoli M. Epidemiologic retrospective study of neoplasms of prostate gland in Birjand (South Khorasan province). Journals of Birjand University of Medical Sciences 2005; 12 (1 and 2) :9-15
URL: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.html

Background and Aim: Prostate gland is one of the most important exocrine gland in the male genital system, whose neoplasms are very common in Iran and other countries. The incidence of the disease is not the same among different racial communities. Therefore, epidemiologic studies can be useful in our country. This study was aimed to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of prostate neoplasms registered in the pathology laboratories of Birjand.
Materials and Methods: In this periodic sectional descriptive study, all the pathologic documents related to prostate neoplasm registered in the pathology labs of Birjand from 1992 to 2002 were reviewed. The information present in the documents including age, living area, clinical and pathologic diagnosis, type, and grading of cancer were registered in the reviewing forms. Then the microscopic slides related to these tumors were reviewed. The gathered data was analyzed by means of Chi-Square and Fisher Exact tests and P≤0.05 was considered as a minimum level of significance.
Results: Among 911 cases of the reported neoplasm of the prostate gland, 72 cases (7.19%) were prostate cancer and 839 cases (92.1%) were benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The highest incidence of prostate cancer belonged to the ninth decade of age (80-90 Yrs). Of the cancer cases, 91.7% were adenocarcinoma and 8.3% were transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). The mean ages of patients with BPH and prostate cancer were 67.18 ± 25.8 and 70. 75± 10.83 years, respectively. The frequency of prostate neoplasm recorded in the pathology labs increased between 1992 and 2002 but the relative frequency of prostate cancer had a decreasing trend.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and regarding the high frequency of prostate neoplasms and their undesirable effects, it is suggested that for a better publicizing of the disease by introducing of the risk factors such as smoking, high fat diet, race, geographical and environmental factors, as well as the initial clinical symptoms. More epidemiologic studies are required to understand regional risk factors and to find new screening methods for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.