fa اثربخشی آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان به شیوه بازی توام با مداخلات فراتشخیصی مشکلات هیجانی مادران بر کیفیت خواب و نشانگان روانشناختی کودکان دچار اختلال یادگیری روانشناسی کودک child psychology مقاله اصیل پژوهشی Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:">زمینه و هدف:</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> ارتقای کارکردهای اجرایی از طریق بازی </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">از راه‌های بهبود یادگیری کودکان دچار مشکلات یادگیری است که اثربخشی قطعی آن نیاز به بررسی بالینی دارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثربخشی آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان به شیوه بازی توام با مداخلات فراتشخیصی مشکلات هیجانی مادران بر اضطراب، افسردگی و کیفیت خواب این کودکان بود.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:">روش تحقیق:</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> این پژوهش نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون</span></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt">-</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">پس‌آزمون و پیگیری (دوماهه) بر روی 42 کودک 7 تا 9 ساله در دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل انجام شد. گروه‌های آزمایش یک و دو تحت آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی به شیوه‌ی بازی قرار گرفتند. هم‌چنین به مادران کودکان گروه آزمایش 2 پروتکل یکپارچه مداخلات فراتشخیصی آموزش داده شد و مادران گروه آزمایشی اول به عنوان گروه کنترل مادران آموزشی دریافت نکردند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار </span></span>SPSS <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">نسخه 25 با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر با رعایت پیش‌فرض‌های آماری در سطح معنی‌داری </span></span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">(</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">05</span></span></span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">/</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">&alpha;</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">=</span></span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> تحلیل شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:">یافته‌ها:</span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">در متغیر کیفیت خواب در مرحله پیگیری و پس‌آزمون</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">(</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">0/001></span></span>P<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">)</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> و متغیرهای اضطراب مرحله پس‌آزمون </span></span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">(</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0</span></span></span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">/</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">04</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">P=</span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> و پیگیری </span></span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">(</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0</span></span></span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">/</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">05</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">P=</span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> و در متغیر افسردگی </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">(</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">0/001></span></span>P<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">)</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> بین گروه‌های مداخله و کنترل تفاوت معنی‌دار بود و مداخله باعث ارتقای کیفیت خواب کودکان و بهبود شاخص‌های اضطراب و افسردگی در هر دو گروه مداخله شده بود که این تأثیر در گروه کودکان و مادران بیشتر بود</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> (</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">0/001></span></span>P<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">)</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span b="" lang="AR-SA" mitra="" style="font-family:">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> آموزش کارکردهای اجرائی به‌شیوه بازی با مداخلات فراتشخیصی مشکلات هیجانی مادران، بر نشانگان روانشناختی و کیفیت خواب کودکان با اختلال یادگیری مؤثر بود که می‌تواند بخشی از برنامه آموزشی دست‌اندرکاران آموزش‌وپرورش برای حل این مشکلات باشد.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <br> *<b>&nbsp;مسئول مکاتبات:</b>&nbsp;<b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">فاطمه شهابی‌زاده</span></span></b><br> پست الکترونیکی:&nbsp;f_shahabizadeh@yahoo.com <p dir="ltr"></p> <p dir="ltr"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2543-7420" title="View ORCID iD Profile"><strong>View ORCID iD Profile</strong></a></p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>You can also search for this author in:</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatemeh-Shahabizadeh" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/1854832" title="Clarivate Web of Science">S</a><a href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602726851">copus</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://scholar.google.com/" title="Google Scholar">&nbsp;Google Scholar</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=68yANpsAAAAJ&hl=en">Google Scholar Profile</a></p> <p dir="ltr"></p></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Background and Aims:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> Improving executive functions through play is one of the ways to improve learning in children with learning problems, whose definite effectiveness needs clinical investigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching children&#39;s executive functions through play combined with transdiagnostic interventions of mothers&#39; emotional problems on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality of these children.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> This semi-experimental research was conducted with a pretest-posttest and follow-up (two months) design on 42 children aged 7 to 9 years in two experimental groups and one control group. Experiment groups received the training of executive functions in a game way. The mothers of the children in the 2^nd experimental group were taught the integrated protocol of transdiagnostic interventions, while the mothers of the 1st experimental group did not receive training as they were considered the control group of mothers in the 2^nd experimental group. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 25 software using the analysis of variance test with repeated measures (&alpha;=0.05).</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Results:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> Significant differences were observed between the intervention groups and the control group in the variable of sleep quality in the follow-up and post-test phase (P<0.001), in the anxiety variables in the post-test phase (P=0.04) and follow-up (P=0.05), and in the variable of depression (P<0.001). It was found that the intervention improved the quality of children&#39;s sleep and boosted anxiety and depression indices in both intervention groups, and this effect was greater in the group of children and mothers (P<0.001)</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> The training of executive functions in the form of play with the transdiagnostic interventions of mothers&#39; emotional problems was effective on the psychological symptoms and sleep quality of children with learning disabilities, which can be a part of the training program for educators to solve these problems.</span></span></span><br> <br> <br> <strong>^*Corresponding Author:</strong>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fatemeh Shahabizadeh</span></span>;&nbsp;<strong>Emails:</strong>&nbsp;f_shahabizadeh@yahoo.com <p><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2543-7420" title="View ORCID iD Profile"><strong>View ORCID iD Profile</strong></a></p> <p><strong>You can also search for this author in:</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatemeh-Shahabizadeh" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/1854832" title="Clarivate Web of Science">S</a><a href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602726851">copus</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://scholar.google.com/" title="Google Scholar">&nbsp;Google Scholar</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=68yANpsAAAAJ&hl=en">Google Scholar Profile</a></p> </div> آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان, بازی, مداخله فراتشخیصی, کیفیت خواب, اضطراب, افسردگی executive functions, play, transdiagnostic intervention, sleep quality, anxiety, depression 87 98 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3407-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Elham Baghban Baghestan الهام باغبان باغستان baghbanbaghestan@gmail.com 8700319475328460048669 8700319475328460048669 No PhD student in Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران Fatemeh Shahabizadeh فاطمه شهابی‌زاده f_shahabizadeh@yahoo.com 8700319475328460048670 8700319475328460048670 Yes , Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran دانشکده علوم انسانی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران Toktam Sadat Jafar Tabatabaei تکتم سادات جعفرطباطبایی tabatabaee88@yahoo.com 8700319475328460048671 8700319475328460048671 No Department of Psychology, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran گروه روانشناسی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران