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Etiology of chronic constipation and related causes in children referred to Boo-Ali Sina Hospital in Sari between 2006 and 2007
H Karami, A Mousavi, M Khademloo, F Soleimani,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (12-2009)
Abstract

  Background and Aim: Constipation is a common elimination dysfunction in children which covers more than 3 % of outpatients' visits to pediatrists. The etiology of functional constipation is not clear in most cases. This study focused on the evaluation of the etiology of constipation in pediatric patients who referred to department of pediatric Gastroenterology at Boo-ali Sina hospital in Sari during 2006-2007.

  Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, children with clinical manifestations of chronic constipation who had been referred to Boo-Ali Sina hospital were assessed. Inclusion criteria were age under 15 years, and being constipated for more than 2 weeks. Children with a history of using antispasmodic drugs for a long time or pervious history of surgical procedure were excluded from the study. The patients were assessed as regards the causes of functional and organic constipation. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS software.

  Results: Two-hundred and fifty children aged between 1 month and 15 years (mean age 50.62±15 months) were studied. One-hundred and forty (56%) were males. The most common cause of constipation was functional constipation in 195 (78%) cases but organic constipation was diagnosed in 39 cases (15.6%). The most common cause of constipation was Hirschsprung's disease in patients under one year, and functional causes in older patients. There were no significant differences between the two sexes regarding the causes of constipation.

  Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the most common cause of constipation in under-one year olds was organic defect whereas the most common cause of constipation in older children was functional defect. Organic causes of constipation must be taken into account in cases of early onset of the disorder.
Removal of Dissolved Organic Carbon from aqueous solution by Fenton Oxidation Process
Hamed Biglari, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Ferdos Kord Mostafapour, Edris Bazafshan,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (5-2012)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Nowadays, regarding the increased human and geological activities, concentrations of toxic and carcinogenic disinfectant by-products– like Trihalomethanes -which have an organic base, in drinking water sources, has worryingly increased. Thus, the present study aimed at surveying the amount of dissolved organic carbon (doc) removed from aqueous solution by Fenton process. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the outcome of removing dissolved organic carbon derived from natural water with initial concentrations 2, 4, and 8 mg/l using one-liter water containers by means of Fenton Process at PHs 2, 3, 4, and 5 due to adding 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/l of H2O2 and Ferrous ions with 4, 8, 12, and 16 mg/l concentrations at oxidation time 5, 10, 20, and 40 minutes was calculated. Finally, the outcome of carbon removal was assessed by means of TOC analyzer. Results: It was found that the most outcome of dissolved organic carbon removal (about 97%) belonged to 10/1 H2O2 and Ferrous ion , while dissolved organic carbon PH was 3 and its initial concentration was 2mg/l and oxidation time was 40 minutes. Conclusion: Generally speaking, it was confirmed that the improved Fenton Oxidation Process can efficiently be used to refine water containing dissolved organic carbon. The method was found to be highly and relatively fast compared to conventional existing techniques and also, it can be concluded that the Fenton process has the potential to be utilized for the cost-effective removal of DOC from water and wastewater.


Performance evaluation of combined Ultrasonic-Persulfate processes in organic matter reduction of synthetic dairy wastewater
Hossein Kamani, Ayat Hossein Panahi, Elham Norabadi, Gholamreza Abi,
Volume 26, Issue 1 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Among the industries the dairy of the industry to recognize one of the most polluting Sources due to the presence of a high percentage of organic matter in the effluent. Recently, advanced oxidation processes, including Ultrasonic-persulfate with production of free radical such as sulfate and hydroxyl radicals is the efficient processes in wastewater treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluation efficiency of US-persulfate processes in treatment synthetic dairy wastewater.
Materials and Methods: This research was an experimental-laboratory study. In this study, dry milk was used to make synthetic dairy wastewater and effect of pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11), persulfate concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500, 750 mg/L), contact time (10, 30, 45, 60, 90 min) and intensity of waves US (35, 37, 130 kHz) was investigated on efficiency and the process efficiency was measured by calculating the residual chemical oxygen demand using spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 600 nm.
Results: According to the results, the efficiency increased by decreasing the pH value, increasing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide to an optimal level and increasing the contact time and ultrasound intensity and also was found that the efficiency of US-persulfate process at pH 3, concentration of persulfate500 mg/L, intensity of US 130 kHz and contact time 60 min had the highest efficiency that the amount of this efficiency was 74/53% and 61/1% for synthetic dairy wastewater and actual dairy sewerage respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results, the acoustic-activated peroxylate process can be a good and high-performance method for removing organic matter from dairy wastewater.

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