Journal of Translational Medical Research

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Background and Aim: Chronic otitis media with effusion is a common childhood infection. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of bacterial causes of chronic otitis media with effusion and their drug resistance in patients with intact tympanic membranes. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 100 patients with chronic otitis media with effusion who underwent myringotomy from October 2011 to September 2013 were selected through census and assessed. First of all, their middle ear secretions were collected and cultured in thioglycollate broth. Then, the isolated bacteria were identified and their drug sensitivity . was evaluated using standard disk diffusion method. Results: Out of 87 samples with positive culture results the most common bacteria isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci (39%) and streptococcus alpha, beta, and non-hemolytic (24%). A significant association between the type of bacteria isolated from the ear with acute otitis media discharge (P = 0. 003), affected ears (P = 0. 049) and presence of allergy (P = 0. 029) was observed. Among the antibiotics tested, the highest sensitivity was that of levofloxacin (94. 7%), clindamycin (84. 9%), and ciprofloxacin (83. 3%) and the highest resistance belonged to oxacillin (77. 1%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (59. 4%) and cefixime (58. 3%). Conclusion: Based to the obtained results, when the middle ear secretion culture is impossible, administration of the antibiotics clindamycin and ciprofloxacin to the patients is recommended.

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Background and Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infection which has recently received much attention due to its antibiotic resistance. The aim of the present study is the identification and sequencing of bla_CTX-M genes in clinical isolates of K. pneumonia isolated from Milad Hospital in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, first, antibiotic resistance of 100 K. pnuemoniae isolates to cephalosporins was performed by agar diffusion method; then bla_{CTX-M group2} and bla_{CTX-M group9} resistance genes were identified by PCR. Genotyping was performed based on the sequence of these genes and the dendrogram was drawn using the Mega 6 software (version 6).
Results: According to the antibiotic sensitivity testing, the amount of resistance to cephalosporins was between 30 and 54 percent. Overall, 5% of isolates had bla_{CTX-M group2} and 8% of isolates had bla_{CTX-M group9} as well as, the genotyping results showed that in this study bla _{CTX-M group2} sequence with the sequences in the global database (NCBI) had little similarity, and the bla_{CTX-M group9} gene sequence was similar to the bla _CTX-M-14 sequence gene of E. coli.
Conclusion: However, the frequency of bla_CTX-M genes was low in this study, but due to the ability of these genes to spread by mobile genetic elements among enterobacteriaceae, it is considered alarm in the development of drug resistance among K. pneumoniae.