Showing 13 results for haghighi
M. Monsefi, A. Baha-Al-Dini, M. Pirooz, S. Haghighi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (January 2004)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Increased electrical tools, communicating systems and extending network of electrical power distribution has caused increased growth of electromagnetic field in today’s life. Regarding reports indicating side-effects of electromagnetic fields on living organisms, in present research due to the lack of complete report the effect of these fields on the female reproductive system during estrus cycle was taken into account.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 female rats were divided into 4 equal groups including: case group 1(MF1) to be located for a 5 day period in 43 gauses (4.3 mT) and 50 Hz frequency field, control group 1(C1) for a 5 day period in an off-field ,case group 2(MF2) for a 10 day period in an electromagnetic field as case group 1, and control group 2 (C2) for a 10 dayperiod in an off-field. All animals were in diestrus phase, when locating in the field. After the end of exposing time, rats were anesthetized, blood sample was collected from dorsal aorta, and the amount of FSH and LH were measured by a radioimmunoassay technique. Also, estrogen and progesterone concentrations were measured. Then ovaries were extracted and 5 micrometer longitudinal serial sections were prepared. Sections were stained with hematoxyline-eosin method. In each section, the highest diameter of follicles and corpus luteum were measured. Results were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney-U- test considering significant level at P≤0.05.
Results: There were no statistical significant differences between concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH and diameter of different ovarian follicles in the five and ten day control and experimental groups but the diameter of corpus luteum in MF1, and C1 and diameter of secondary follicles in the left ovary in MF1, compared with MF2, had decreased.
Conclusion: Exposure to electromagnetic field is not necessarily associated with negative effects in a living organism; and-with respect to biologic condition of the cell under study-tissue adduction, the radius of the surface through which the current is passing through can have an inhibitory or activating role.
F. Haghighi, A. Habibi, Mr. Tavakoli,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (April & July 2005)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Prostate gland is one of the most important exocrine gland in the male genital system, whose neoplasms are very common in Iran and other countries. The incidence of the disease is not the same among different racial communities. Therefore, epidemiologic studies can be useful in our country. This study was aimed to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of prostate neoplasms registered in the pathology laboratories of Birjand.
Materials and Methods: In this periodic sectional descriptive study, all the pathologic documents related to prostate neoplasm registered in the pathology labs of Birjand from 1992 to 2002 were reviewed. The information present in the documents including age, living area, clinical and pathologic diagnosis, type, and grading of cancer were registered in the reviewing forms. Then the microscopic slides related to these tumors were reviewed. The gathered data was analyzed by means of Chi-Square and Fisher Exact tests and P≤0.05 was considered as a minimum level of significance.
Results: Among 911 cases of the reported neoplasm of the prostate gland, 72 cases (7.19%) were prostate cancer and 839 cases (92.1%) were benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The highest incidence of prostate cancer belonged to the ninth decade of age (80-90 Yrs). Of the cancer cases, 91.7% were adenocarcinoma and 8.3% were transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). The mean ages of patients with BPH and prostate cancer were 67.18 ± 25.8 and 70. 75± 10.83 years, respectively. The frequency of prostate neoplasm recorded in the pathology labs increased between 1992 and 2002 but the relative frequency of prostate cancer had a decreasing trend.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and regarding the high frequency of prostate neoplasms and their undesirable effects, it is suggested that for a better publicizing of the disease by introducing of the risk factors such as smoking, high fat diet, race, geographical and environmental factors, as well as the initial clinical symptoms. More epidemiologic studies are required to understand regional risk factors and to find new screening methods for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
N. Sharifi-Systani, Mh. Sadeghian, F. Homaei, F. Haghighi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (October 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast carcinoma is a pervasive malignancy in the world, and in our country-Iran-as well. Extensive studies have been done on its diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and factors affecting its prognosis. The present study aimed at determining proliferative rate of cells, the condition of steroid hormone receptors, correlation of these with each other and with other factors such as age ,lymph nodes involvement, and tumoral grade in breast carcinoma.
Materials and Methods: This analytical and applied study was carried out in the pathology laboratory of Ghaem hospital -affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences- in 2004. Fifty cases of breast carcinoma, confirmed through histopathology, were selected. After checking microscopic slides and preparing suitable sections, specific staining through immunohistochemical procedure with estrogen (ER), progesteron (PR) markers, and Ki-67 was done. Then the slides were examined by two pathologists to determine immunoreactivity of tumoral cells by means of H-score system for ER and PR, the percent of tumoral cells for Ki- 67, and then the results were reported. The obtained data was analysed at the significant level P≤0.05 applying ANOVA and Spearman correlation coefficient statistical tests.
Results: Ki-67, ER and PR expression in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma were 24.25%, 89.62 and 59 respectively. Between Ki-67 and ER no relationship was found. But there was a significant correlation between Ki-67 and PR (P=0.05). Also, there was a significant correlation between the incidence of ER and PR (P=0.00). Ki-67 expression in the three grades of invasive ductal breast carcinoma revealed distinct and meaningful difference (P=0.01). Among rare types of breast carcinomas, the most expression of Ki-67, PR and ER was observed in invasive lobular carcinoma and the least in papillary and medulary carcinomas.
Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry is very important in the prognosis and treatment of breast carcinoma. Thus proper procedures, standardization of ER and PR is necessary.
M. Delvarian Zadeh, H. Ebrahimi, N. Bolbol Haghighi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (January 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Efficiency of nutrition has a crucial role during pregnancy. Malnutrition causes health vulnerability of mothers and thereby oncoming pregnancy side effects including low birth weight, delayed fetus growth, abortion and pre- term delivery. The present study was carried out to determine the nutritional status of pregnant women and some of the factors affecting it in those attending various health-care centers in Shahrood.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 169 pregnant women who were referred to 8 health-care centers in Shahrood, experiencing their third trimester of pregnancy with mean age of 25.13 and marital age of 20.11 years were selected. The diet of the pregnant women was checked by recording consumed foodstuffs during the past 24 hours and for a period of one week. Biochemical and hematological tests as well as anthropometrical examinations using body mass index (BMI) were also performed. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square, and t-tests at the significant level of P0.05.
Results: BMI analysis showed that 42.6% of the subjects had normal BMI, 20.13% were overweight, and 37.27% were obese. The study also revealed that 9.6% of the women had less than 11g/dL hemoglobin. A significant relationship was found between education and profession of the subjects, the dose of iron tablet taking, multivitamin use, the last referring to doctor, and kind of housing to BMI. Moreover, it was found that the intake of energy, protein, vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Ca, and iron among the subjects were below the standard level of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA).
Conclusion: The results of survey revealed that weight increase, obesity and the unavailability or shortage of suitable nutritive foods were the main problems which was due to lack of mothers’ awareness and information about the required balance between the intake of proper and nutritive diet and the amount of energy needed. Thus, it is essential in health-care centers to pay close attention to mothers’ education regarding their nutritional needs during pregnancy.
F. Haghighi, S.a. Saadatjoo, F. Fanoodi, M. Taherian,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (January 2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the first steps in diagnosing neoplasms is their epidemiological study. Being aware of the epidemiological condition of different kinds of neoplasms can help us a lot in educational planning and research and cure the disorder as necessitated in a certain area. The present study was done to epidemiologically investigate the neoplasms in woman’s internal genital system in Birjand between 1996 and 2006. Materials and Methods: This analytical and descriptive study was done on 2979 biopsy dossiers of the internal genital system of women who had referred to Birjand pathology labs between 1996 and 2006. The dossiers whose pathological reports were benign and malignant neoplasms, preneoplasic damages, and ovary physiologic cyst were selected from the biopsy dossiers. Then a check-list, which demanded demography information, sampling place and time, pathological diagnosis, primary diagnosis, and the damaging process, was filled out. Finally, the obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS software using Chi-Square and t-test at the significant level of P≤0.05. Results: Most Pathologic cases were found in patients aged between 40 and 59 years (47%). Most of the patients (79.9%) who were studied were urbanites. The number of the cases of the malignant neoplasma in rural areas was twice that of urban areas, and the number of the cases of preneoplasic damages in villages was three-fold. The most malignancy rate of women’s internal genital was that of the cervix. In uterus, most cases of benign neoplasms were leiomyoma, and most cases of preneoplasic damages were complete moles and the majority of the cases of malignant neoplasms included adenocarcinoma. But the most cases of benign preneoplasic tumors were endocervical polyps. The most number of malignant tumors were Squamous Cell carcinoma (SCC). Out of ovary pathogenecity, 73.1% were physiologic cysts from which 50.7% were luteal ones. In addition, adult teratoma, as the most percentage of benign neoplasms, amounted to 30.7% and epithelial carcinoma, as the most percentage of malignant tumor, reached 53.5%. Thus, it was found that the frequency of malignant cases gradually increased during this period of 10 years (from 2.3% in 1996 to 21% in 2006). Conclusion: Regarding the high frequency of cervical malignancies, studying risk factors such as marital age, number of pregnancies, socioeconomical status, and infections are very necessary. Moreover, planning to do right and accurate screening of women especially in rural areas is of critical importance.
M.a. Choobineh, S.n. Hesari, D. Hossain, M.h. Haghighizadeh,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (April 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Undoubtedly proper nourishment has a great role in the prevention of many diseases, especially chronic ones, and also increasing mental and physical efficiency. One of the main factors which ensures appropriate nutrition in families is how much knowledge each member of family has about the principles of right nutrition. Meanwhile, the role of mothers, as diet planners in family nourishment, is crucial. The present study was aimed at assessing nutritional knowledge of high school girls in Ahwaz and education effect on their knowledge. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in a semi-experimental intervention on 150 female third-grade high school students in Ahwaz applying randomized cluster sampling. The questionnaire used in this survey contained 30 questions (23 questions about knowledge level and 7 demographic questions).Firstly, the students were given a test (a questionnaire) in their have own schools. Secondly, education was presented in two ways: a. face to face, b. booklets. Finally, the students’ knowledge level was tested once more. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS software, paired sample t, correlation coefficient, mean and standard deviation indices at the significant level P<0.05. Results: It was found that mean knowledge score increased from 14.532.32 to 18.13.03 as a result of education a growth equal to 15.62 %. Besides, assessment results indicated the growth from 0 to 42.8% in correct answering to various questions (P=0.003) thus, education efficacy was actually significant. Conclusion: This study approves the results of similar research conducted ,in and outside the country ,on various age groups and careers regarding positive effects of education on nutritional knowledge, yet the fact that in what aspects the subjects knowledge needed to be promoted through education is something not sufficiently taken into consideration in previous studies.
M. Afshar, M.m. Hasanzadeh Taheri, M.h. Davari, F. Haghighi, S.a. Saadatjoo, A. Amini, F. Sharifi Mood,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (April 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cataract is a major occular disease that causes blindness in many developing countries of the world. Experimental model of cataract is a first necessity to study the preventive factors of cataract progression. Several studies have shown that some glucocorticoides such as Dexamethasone (DEX) can induce cataract. The aim of this study was to form cataract in chick embryo. Materials and Methods: During three consequent stages, 120 fertile eggs were used in this study. In each stage 40 eggs in 4 groups were selected and put them into an incubator. Incubation was carried out at 37.5 °C and 68% relative humidity. The day that the eggs were placed in the incubator was termed day 1. The first group received normal saline and the other three groups received 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 micromole of dexamethasone (DEX) on the 14th, 15th, and 16th day of fertilization respectively. After 48 hours of DEX injection, lenses were removed and their opacity were classified into five stages by stereomicroscope (Olympus SZX) to determine the type of cataract. Microscopic study was done after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Data were collected and put in frequency tables and analyzed by Fisher and Chi Square tests in SPSS software and P<0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: This study showed that use of 0.02 micromole of DEX on the 15th and 16th days of embryonic period can induce cataract in 95% of lenses. Also, use of 0.04 micromole of this drug on the 15th and 16th days of embryonic period can induce cataract in the 100% and 95% of chick lenses, respectively. Differences between cataract frequency of lenses in the experimental groups and control group were significant (P<0.0000(, but there were no significant differences of cataract frequency between the experimental groups. Conclusion: Injection of 0.04 micromole of DEX on the 15th day of fertilization, as a choice dose and timecan induce cataract in chick embryo.
A. Ghaleiha, M.k. Zarabian, M. Haghighi, N. Shirkhanlo,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (April 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Mental image of body is the image and feeling of a person from size and form of his own body and its constituent elements in the mind. The purpose of this study was to investigate the disturbances in mental image of the body in patients with major depression disorder (MDD) and comparison with non-depressed persons, using draw-a-person test.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 30 patients with MDD, admitted in psychiatric ward of Hamadan Farshchian hospital, were selected randomly. Thirty non-depressed persons, whom the demographic characteristics such as sex, age, academic education and marital status were matched with the case group, were selected as control group. All the subjects were assessed by structured psychiatric interview and toy-man test (draw-a-person) with McHover method. The data were analyzed by means of SPSS version 16 at the significant level of P<0.05.
Results: The comparison of the drawings was indicative of higher incidence of deleting & misplacing of organs, nonstandard dimensions, deformity of the image, false proportion of organs, using geometrical figures for drawing and false positioning of the image in the case group comparing with the controls (P<0.01 for all). No significant difference was observed between the two groups, regarding the picture transparency.
Conclusion: The disturbance of mental image of a MDD patient about the shape of his own body may indicative of the changes in the cortical and perceptual processes of brain.
S Khodai, R Dastgerdi, F Haghighi, S.a Sadatjoo, A Keramati,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (October 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the most common complications of cancer is subsequent psychological problems including depression, reduced vital function, and increased risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on decreasing depression among patients with cancer in Birjand city. Materials and Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study including pre-test, post-test and control group in which the statistical society consisted of patients with cancer who referred to Imam Reza hospital in Birjand. The samples included 24 patients with cancer who were selected based on DSM-IV distinctive standard and Beck depression inventory. The case group were treated by cognitive-behavioral therapy in 12 session of 1.5 hours, and the control group received no psychiatric therapy. The data were analyzed by T-Test and covariance analysis using version 15.00 of SPSS software. Results: After treatment, depression in the case group decreased to 8.58±7.38 which was statistically significant (P<0.001) however depression in the control group (28.33±11.87) did not change. Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy plays an important role in decreasing depression in patients with cancer. Psychological intervention can help patients to change their cognition by decreasing depression and enable them to have a more positive belief in controlling themselves against dependency.
Fatemeh Haghighi, Mahyar Mohammadifard, Ghodratollah Naseh, Katauon Hashem, Seyyed Alireza Saadatjoo,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (April 2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in industrialized countries and the third in developing ones. The present study aimed at assessing prevalence of breast cancer among women over 30 in Birjand between 2009 and 2010.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 2000 over 30 years women from Birjand city were selected through multiple-stage sampling. A demographic questionnaire was completed by each subject after being justified about the importance of screening and method of examination. Clinical breast examination was performed by a female GP under standard conditions, one week after menstrual ceasing. When there was a palpable mass in the breast, the participant underwent a mammography test for an accurate diagnosis of the type and size of the lesion. Positive cases were referred to a surgeon for open biopsy. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (V: 15) using ANOVA test at α = 0.05 as the significance level.
Results: Out of 2000 surveyed women, 80 were excluded because of the inappropriateness of their completed questionnaires. Totally, 1920 women were included with the mean age of 44.48±8.56 (range: 30-88) years. Out of 267 women (13.9%) referred for mammography due to positive clinical findings, only 134 (50.2%) cases underwent mammography test and 17 of them (12.7%) had a lesion as observed in their mammography images and, as a result, fibrocystic lesion was the most common diagnosis. Biopsy was performed for 32 patients (1.6% of the total participants) and malignancy was reported in 11 patients (0.5%). Mean age of the cancer patients was 41.18±12.65 years which was similar to other women's situation without malignancy (P=0.11).
Conclusion: According to our results and based on the low mean age of patients with breast cancer, it is required to study the causes leading to the early occurrence of breast cancer at young ages in this area.
Arezoo Haghighi, Zivar Salehi, Keyvan Aminian, Saba Fakhrieh Asl,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (April 2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: A peptic ulcer is a breach in the gastric or duodenal mucosa down to the submucosa. There is evidence concerning the role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the genesis of such ulcers production of intracellular ROS along mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) predisposes the deletion of 4977 bp mtDNA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of 4977 bp mtDNA deletion with peptic ulcer disease. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study included 110 patients with peptic ulcer disease and 110 healthy individuals were compared. Genomic DNAs of the cases and controls were extracted from bioptic tissues. Then, their genotypes were determined by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Finally, statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc program. Results: Deletion of 4977 bp mtDNA was found to be more frequent among patients with peptic ulcer disease (52.7%) compared to the controls (15.3%). A significant association was found between the deletion with peptic ulcer disease. Conclusion: Deletion of 4977 bp in mitochondrial DNA is associated with peptic ulcer disease.
Tahereh Safari, Athare Nazri Panjaki, Maryam Haghighi, Fatemeh Sayadi, Meysam Zeynali Bujani, Arezou Amin,
Volume 25, Issue 0 (Supplementary 2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Different disciplines of medical science have a close connection with the health of the public. Lack of awareness of the field of study and disinterest to it will have consequences on the educational and health system. While recognizing the field of study and interest in it increases the sense of responsibility and efficiency of individuals in the provision of services. The purpose of this study was to determine the students' interest in their field of study and the factors influencing it from the viewpoint of students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 210 students from Zahedan University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected. The method of collecting information was field-based and using a valid questionnaire, including 21 questions (14 items with Likert Triple Scale). Data were entered into SPSS software (Version.20). The confidence level was considered as 0.05.
Results: The average interest rate of students in their field of study was 68.3 ± 27.3. 60.3% of the women were female and the rest were male The mean age of the subjects was 21.2±3.3 years. It was found that there was a significant relationship between the level of interest of individuals with marital status (P <0.0001) and previous knowledge of subjects when choosing a course (P <0.0001).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the students' interest in their field of study was relatively good, but less than half of them had chosen their field of study without prior knowledge.
Neda Pourhaghighi, Azam Zarneshan, Ladan Vaghef,
Volume 31, Issue 3 (November 2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Menstrual disorders contribute significantly to infertility. The relationship between psychological stress, cortisol levels, physical activity, and these disorders remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare menstrual disorders and their association with stress, cortisol, and physical activity in female athletes and non-athletes.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 60 young girls aged 18 to 25, each with at least two menstrual disorders, were evaluated in two groups: athletes (VO2max > 40, 30 participants) and non-athletes (30 participants). We assessed the type of menstrual disorder, level of physical activity, perception of stress using the Cohen scale, and salivary cortisol levels.
Results: There was no significant difference in the prevalence of menstrual disorders between the two groups (P<0.05). Dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia were common in both groups. However, hypomenorrhea and amenorrhea were more common in athletic girls with high cortisol levels, while oligomenorrhea was more common in non-athletic girls with high stress (P<0.05). In non-athletic girls, a higher level of physical activity correlated with a decrease in dysmenorrhea, stress, and cortisol levels (P<0.05). In female athletes, longer daily training and higher training frequency were associated with an increased risk of amenorrhea and a reduced risk of metrorrhagia, respectively. Conversely, there was a significant negative correlation between a history of exercise and stress and cortisol levels (P<0.05).
Conclusion: A high level of physical activity in non-athletic girls and a long history of sports in athletic girls may be effective in reducing cortisol and stress and thus reducing the incidence of some menstrual disorders. For female athletes, prolonged daily exercise should be more considered by coaches and athletes to prevent the occurrence of some menstrual disorders.
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