Showing 19 results for Zare
Ss. Mazloomy, M. Zare, M. Feisal, F. Maleki, F. Servat, Mh. Ahmadieh,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (April 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in most countries of the world. One of the most important diagnostic measures for early diagnosis is breast self-examination (B.S.E.). The present study aimed at determining the effect of health training on knowledge, attitude, and practice of female teachers in Yazd intermediate schools on breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study , pre/post health education data gathering concerning 140 female teachers in Yazd intermediate schools was performed through questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software and McNemar statistical test at significant level P≤0.05
Results: This study showed that B.S.E training was effective on knowledge, attitude, and practice of the subjects. In all the features, the difference was significant at the level P<0.001. No statistically significant relationship was observed between demographical factors (age, education, and work experience) and health training effect on the subjects' knowledge, attitude, and practice. It was found that before training 62.86% of the women did not perform B.S.E due to lack of familiarity with correct methods; but, after training this decreased to 33.57% (P=0.000).
Conclusion: Generally speaking, it is important to note that the simplest, cheapest, and the most important method in early diagnosis of breast cancer is breast examination of patients by themselves and, also, by physicians. Paying attention to this matter is very helpful in screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer
I. Zareban, M. Abbaszadeh, M. Moodi, H. Mehrjoo Fard, Hr. Ghaffari,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (April 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pediculus Humanus Capitis has crucial role in transferring different diseases. Social hygiene and personal hygiene have particular role in prevention of this infection. The present study was aimed at planning and evaluating a hygiene- education program to reduce the extent of infection to Pediculus Humanus Capitis among female elementary students in Zabol during 2003.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a quasi- experimental one in which we had case and control subjects. Means of gathering data were questionnaires, recording files of overt behavior or check-lists, and screening to verify the existence of nymphs and adult pediculi. After determining the extent of infection to Pediculus Capitis among female elementary students in Zabol and holding pre-test on the basis of the obtained data, a hygiene program together with educational content was planned. Then, 175 fifth grade students infected with Pediculus Capitis were randomly divided into case – control groups. In the case group (87 students and their mothers) educational intervention was done. After 1.5 months post-test was carried
out. The obtained data was analysed through SPSS statistical soft-ware by statistical paired t-test, and Chi-Square.
Results: Among 1066 female elementary students under study, 313 cases (29.4%) were infected with Pediculus Capitis. After educational intervention the extent of infection in the case decreased to 17.6% but it did not change in the control. Besides, the statistical paired-t-test revealed a significant difference regarding the effect of hygiene educational program on knowledge, attitude, and hygienic behavior of the students and their mothers in the case group (P<0.001) but in the control group this difference was not significant. The statistical χ2 test showed that there was a significant relationship between infection to Pediculus Capitis and variables such as parents' level of education, school level, number of washing during the week, having a bath at home, monthly income, family population, and using shared articles- e.g veil, scarf, comb, and towel- (P<0.02, χ2= 84.8).
Conclusion: The obtained results showed that the hygiene educational program had a positive effect on the decrease of infection to Pediculus Capitis among the studied subjects.
Z. Sadat Manzarei, R. Memarian, Z. Vanaki,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (July 2007)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Anxiety is a physiological and psychological response to burn injury which can affect physical and psychological functions of patients. This study was carried out to determine the correlation between pain and anxiety in burn patients.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical Study, which was carried out in the burn ward of Imam Reza hospital affiliated to Mashhad university of medical sciences, in Mashhad in 2004, 60 patients were hospitalized in women burn unit. Data collection tools included demographic data and self-report questionnaires concerning anxiety and pain severity and linear- visual report. The questionnaires were completed for each patient at 3 stages of the study: the first week, during the 3rd week, and the 4th week after admission. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS using spearman correlation quotient at the significant level P≤0.05.
Results: According to the study, there was a significant statistical correlation between pain severity and level of anxiety during the first week (P<0.002 and rs=0.61) during the third week (P<0.002 and rs=0.43), and during the fourth week (P<0.002 and rs=0.58).
Conclusion: Regarding the findings of the study, it is suggested that in caring and controlling pain in burn patients controlling their anxiety be particularly attended to.
Gh.h. Halvani, M. Zare, A. Barkhordari,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (January 2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Noise induced hearing loss is one of the most common occupational diseases in the world. It is thus introduced as one of the ten principle work-related diseases. According to the estimation of WHO, noise approximately causes a daily loss of 4 million US dollars throughout the world. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out on 100 workers of Taban textile factory in Yazd to assess hearing loss in the left and right ear of the staff at weaving, spinning and mechanical sections. This was done at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz frequency by means of audiometer. Besides, mean noise intensity in the auditory system of the workers (who had already been examined) was measured during their own shifts. The obtained data was statistically analysed by means of SPSS software and ANOVA and LSD (less significant difference) was calculated. P≤0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: Mean age and work history were 38.9810-43 and 13.836.1 respectively. Findings indicated that noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) would be 0.18, if sound intensity increased one degree and work history were stable. But if sound intensity were stable, NIHL would be 0.37 when work history increased one degree. ANOVA statistical test (at the confidence level 95%) showed that the increase in NIHL is different in various occupational groups. Conclusions: Hearing loss was observed at different levels and at all frequencies in textile factory workers. However, hearing loss in the work begins at 4000 Hz and according to regression analysis the effect of work history on NIHL is more than the effect of sound.
S.r. Mousavi, F. Taghaddosinejad, H. Talaee, Gh.a. Zare, M. Sadeghi, P. Rajaee, M. Balali-Mood,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (July 2010)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical and biochemical syndrome that results from acute poisonings. The present study aimed to investigate clinical and biochemical characteristics of rhabdomyolysis in patients with severe acute poisonings.
Materials and Methods: Out of 450 patients with severe acute poisonings who admitted in the Toxicology Intensive Care Unit of Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran between April and September 2006, 165 subjects with serum creatine kinase at least five fold of normal range (≤975 IU/L) after disproving any other causes, were enrolled in this sectional study. Poisoning diagnosis was based on the history of toxins usage and clinical findings. The toxins usages were approved by the appropriate toxicological tests. Demographic data, clinical findings and laboratory studies were recorded for all patients. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 11.5) at the significant level of P<0.05.
Results: Frequency of rhabdomyolysis in the poisoned patients was 36.6%. The most common intoxications inducing rhabdomyolysis were opium (28%), tricyclic antidepressant drugs (14%) and benzodiazepines (14%). Acute renal failure was diagnosed in 23 (15%) patients. There was a linear correlation between serum creatine kinase and serum creatinine (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Patients with severe acute poisoning are at risk of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure is its main coincident complication.
Majid Zare Bidaki, Toktam Lessani, Zohre Khazaie,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (July 2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Studies have shown that probably there are compounds with protective effects on delivery channels and chorionic membranes which prevent the uterus and the embryo from bacterial contamination. The present study aimed to assess anti-bacterial properties of chorionic membranes in comparison with the effects of some common antibiotics .
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using chorionic membranes from 24 healthy pregnant women. After spreading plates by individual microbial suspensions of seven species, amniotic membranes and chorioamniotic membranes fragments were put on the plates. Besides, antibiogram disks-as positive control, and the cord tissue-as negative control were used. After 18-24 h incubation, the halo of growth around the membranes and antibiotic disks were studied .
Results: Significant antibacterial effects were found as halo of lack of bacterial growth around amniotic and chorioamniotic membranes while antibacterial resistance was observed for the same strains in several cases . Most anti-bacterial effects were observed in Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. However, mean of halo of growth inhibition was observed for streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus which was much more around chorioamniotic membranes than the same bacteria around amniotic membranes. Statistical analysis using T-test revealed a signifi9cant difference (p≤0.005). Chorioamniotic membranes are significantly more than that found for amniotic membranes against Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus .
Conclusion: The present study confirms antibacterial effects of chorionic membranes Therefore, the idea of using these membranes as a valuable supplement to antibiotic s in order to expedite the treatment of clinical infections and infected wounds is strongly suggestive .
Ali Zarei Mahmud Abadi, Masoomeh Masoomi Karimi, Majid Bahabadi, Mahdi Kamali, Reza Kushki, Fariba Khalili, Nima Farhadi, Mostafa Naderi, Saman Sajadi, Moslem Jafari Sani, Javad Alizadeh,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (October 2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Angiogenesis is one of important biological processes any disruption in which leads to disease. The main signaling factor in this process is VEGF which acts through its receptors. The present study was done in order to inhibit the expression of receptor type1of this factor (VEGFR-1) using specific siRNA in the culture medium to use its inhibitory effect on neovascularization in the eye. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study first, using target gene sequences, sequences of the specific siRNA were designed against them blasted and manufactured. On the other hand, cDNA of HUVEC cell was synthesized and PCR, with specific primers for target gene, was reproduced as necessary. Then, PEFGP-N1 expression vectors were cloned and confirmed. Then, the obtained plasmid vector was transferred to Hela cells lacking target expressive genes through lipofectamin. GFR expression rate in the initial vector and in the cloned one, both in presence and in absence of specific VEGFR1 siRNA, was assessed. Evaluation of gene inhibition was carried out through decreasing of green fluorescence from GFR, Western blot and RT-PCR. Results were analyzed using T-test and P<0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: The fluorescence emission from defined siRNA decreased compared to control group. SDS pages and blots from vector cloned cells exposed to both siRNA showed reduced protein expression The outcome of applying two siRNA indicates gene expression in the form of transcription and translation, compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Specifically designed siRNA against VEGFR1, through lipofectamin, was appropriately transferred into cell and significantly prevented from the receptor expression. In fact, by blocking angiogenesis signaling route, it was able to prevent neovascurization. Thus, this can be made use of as an appropriate factor in preventing or decreasing neovascularization in the eye.
Edris Hoseinzadeh, Ali Reza Rahmani, Ghorban Asgari, Mohamad Taghi Samadi, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Mohammad Reza Zare,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (April 2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Heavy metals have been recognized as very poisonous elements and their discharge into water sources can cause damaging effects on human and environmental health. The present study aimed at producing activated carbon from scrap tires and using it in removing Pb+2 from synthetic aqueous solutions.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, activated carbon powder was derived from scrap tires under laboratory conditions. The effect of Pb (II) ions with the concentration 10-100mg/l, pH 2-8, contact time 3 hs , and the adsorbent dosage 0.1-0.6 g were investigated in batch adsorption system. Besides, the chemical composition and solid structure of the derived activated carbon were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The surface area of derived activated carbon was calculated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) isotherms. The experimental data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.
Results: It was found that the main component of activated carbon was Carbon element (83.276%). BET and BJH Surface areas of activated carbon were approximately 185.046 and 146.443 m2/g, respectively. It was discovered that activated carbon dosage increasing leads to decreasing in qmax , while with increasing of pH of Pb+2 ions adsorption increased. The experimental adsorption isotherm complied with Freundlich equation model (R2=0.982) and the maximum amount of adsorption (qmax) was 8.695 mg/g.
Conclusion: The present study showed that derived activated carbon from scrap tires is highly effective in Pb removal from aqueous solutions. In addition, producing activated carbon from scrap tire can provide a two-fold green and cost-effective advantage and it can be a suitable recycling method for scrap tires.
Majid Zare Bidaki, Afsaneh Tehrani Pour, Sakineh Dadpour, Hajar Gholizadeh,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (July 2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Salmonellosis is one of the most common digestive diseases in the world. Salmonellosis is caused by varieties of salmonella serotypes and there are concerns about the contamination of poultry and its products by this microorganism. Given that the carcasses of poultry, as a major source of infection with this microorganism, determine the frequency and the rate of this type of bacterial contamination, they are considered a criterion in the assessment of the health status of respective poultry farms and their potential health hazards to consumers. The present study aimed at determining prevalence of salmonella contamination of poultry carcasses in Birjand industrial slaughterhouses in 2012. Materials and Methods: Immediately after poultry slaughtering, 550 samples were randomly taken from different slaughterhouses. Salmonella spp were isolated from suspected positive cultures .Then, they were identified and confirmed by means of biochemical and serological tests. Results: Based on the results of bacteriological tests, out of a total of 250 samples taken from the poultry slaughtered before putting in boiling water, 8 cases (3.2%) were positive for Salmonella contamination. Serotyping results revealed that all isolates belonged to Salmonella infantis serotype. Among a total of 300 samples taken from the cases after being placed in boiling water, only one sample (0.3%) was positive for Salmonella infantis. Conclusion: The results indicate that there is a relatively low prevalence of salmonella contamination in the poultry farms in the South Khorasan. Furthermore, lack of diversity in salmonella isolates reveals good health control and low levels of microbial transmission into poultry farms of this area. The outbreak of Salmonella infantis is uniformly consistent with the global spread of this serotype. Differences in the frequency of positive samples before and after placing the carcasses in boiling water may reveal the role of boiling process in reducing salmonella contamination of slaughtered poultry.
Majid Zare Bidaki, Mina Arab, Mohtarame Khazaei, Ehsan Afkar,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (October 2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nowadays resistance to antibiotics and their side effects has emerged as a worldwide problem. As a result, tend to use anti-bacterial compounds of plant origin has been increased. Mint plant scientifically called Mentha spicata L. is one of the plants which has many medicinal uses and its antibacterial effects is a matter of debate. We aimed to study antibacterial effects of Mentha spicata L essential oil on 8 standard bacterial species including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, and two Salmonella species. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, using micro-dilution broth method and reading the results by ELISA reader, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of mint essential oil were determined against the 8 standard bacterial strains. The lab tests were repeated for three times. The results were analyzed by statistical tests. Results: The MIC for Mentha spicata L essential oil was significantly different among the bacterial species (p <0.05). The highest growth inhibitory effect was found against Bacillus cereus and the least ones were recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. No significant difference was found between the bacterial MBCs (p> 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed significant and selective antibacterial characteristics for Mentha spicata L suggesting to be used in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Majid Zare Bidaki, Mahdi Balalimood,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (October 2015)
Abstract
Bioterrorism is defined as any terrorist action of intentional release or dissemination of highly pathogenic biological agents, including a variety of microorganisms or biological toxins. With the growing threat of terrorism, is necessary that the potential danger of various microorganisms – as a powerful tool of aggression and threat- to be taken seriously.
This review tries to explain the concept of biological weapons and their historical development process with an emphasis on efforts to control the proliferation of these types of weapons over the last century. Potential impact of infectious diseases on people and armed forces was known from since 600 BC.
Using the victims of the plague as a weapon in medieval warfare and spread of smallpox as a weapon during the war against the Indians when initially America was discovered, the development of biological weapons during the World War I, World War II and the Cold War, and even since the beginning of the third millennium, all show the strategic importance of pathogenic microorganisms as a deterrent power for the superiority of some governments and cults.
Historical attempts to use infectious diseases as biological weapons reveal that the distinction between a natural outbreak of an infectious disease and that of a deliberate biological attack is very difficult. Abusing this characteristic of infectious diseases has made it possible for the purposes of superiority.
International agreements to control the development of biological weapons, such as “the 1925 Geneva Protocol” and “the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Biological and Toxic Weapons” have not been able to control the development and using of biological warfare. The current paper is a classic review (Overview) article aiming at increasing the knowledge and awareness of people especially of health authorities and government officials.
Masoumeh Zarezadeh, Mohammad Dehghani Firoozabadi, Asghar Zarban, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh, Maryam Valavi,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (April 2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Observational studies have demonstrated that the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with vitamin D (25(OH)D) status. However, there is no local study regarding vitamin D status in MS patients in the South Khorasan. Therefore, present study aimed at comparing the serum levels of vitamin D between the South Khorasan MS patients and healthy subjects, and determining its association with disability in these patients.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study a total of 144 individuals (72 previously diagnosed MS cases and 72 age and sex matched healthy controls) were included. Demographic characteristics and serum vitamin D levels of both groups as well as Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) for MS patients were assessed. The obtained data was analyzed using t-test, Mann Whitney U test, Chi-square, and Pearson's correlation coefficient test applying SPSS software.
Results: There was a significant difference (P<0.0001) in vitamin D levels between the case (47.4±5.4ng/mL) and the control (14.66±10.4 ng/mL) groups. A direct association was found between vitamin D levels and EDSS in MS patients (P<0.0001), too.
Conclusion: Surprisingly, it was found that vitamin D level was significantly higher in MS patients than the controls. There was a significant positive association between the level of vitamin D and disability status in patients with MS. The association may be due to more administration of vitamin D supplement to MS patients.
Fatemeh Naderi, Mohsen Ayati, Mohammad Akbari Boorang, Majid Zare Bidaki,
Volume 25, Issue 0 (Supplementary 2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the strategies to reduce the stress in college students is efforts and planning (resources management) and time management-study location and attitude of the students. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine time and place management, resource management and the attitude of students using mobile learning in Birjand University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. Students operating room technology in Ghaen and Ferdows faculties formed the study population which included 43 individuals. Initially, the electronic book of medical microbiology was installed on the mobile phones of students in the test group. In addition to traditional course delivery, some part of learning content was also sent to this group in the form of SMS. Data collection tool was a self-regulation learning strategies questionnaire (MSLQ). Structured interviews and data analysis was used to measure students' perceptions of mobile learning.
Results: The results showed that the use of mobile phones to deliver course content can have quite a significant impact on time and place management of the study and on resource management(efforts and planning) (p < 0.005). Most students were interested in using mobile phones as learning tools and suggested to combine this method of course delivery with other conventional methods.
Conclusion: Using a mobile phone as a new tool for learning content delivery has a positive impact on both on time and place management of the study and on resource management (efforts and planning). It can be useful for effective learning for medical students.
Majid Zare Bidaki, Masoud Yousefi, Hakimeh Malaki Moghadam, Ali Rajabpour Sanati, Ali Nazari-Alam,
Volume 25, Issue 0 (Supplementary 2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In the new era of n E-learning technology, the models of microbiology education are changing. To improve the quality of learning microbiology, presenting multimedia clips in the classroom is a matter of debate among educators. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of presenting clips on academic learning and satisfaction of learners in the microbiology course.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 69 B.Sc. students of health in Birjand University of Medical Sciences who took part in the microbiology course were studied in two groups. In the case group, teaching was based on a combination of lectures by presenting PowerPoint slides and also showing clips while in the control group, the teaching was only based on PowerPoint presentation. In the middle and at the end of the semester, the rate of satisfaction and academic learning was compared between the two groups. The data were collected by the researcher-made questioner for student satisfaction and by scientific exams for academic learning.
Results: The results showed that the amount of learning in the case group (based on a combination of lectures by presenting PowerPoint slides and also showing clips) was significantly higher than the control group (lectures by presenting PowerPoint slides). The average satisfaction score of students for PowerPoint slides-based teaching and combined teaching was 25.32 ± 4.31 and 25.48 ± 3. 21 respectively, that this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.85).
Conclusion: Presenting multimedia clips to students during microbiology courses is a powerful tool for learning. Development of clips as a main part of learning content in microbiology courses is suggested.
Salman Farahbakhsh, Morteza Zare, Azam Bazrafshani, Mohammad Esmaeil Masinaei Nejad, Maliheh Sadat Bazrafshani,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (April 2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Road injuries and their consequences are one of the most important factors affecting health in all age groups. Considering the fact that the cities of Kerman province are located in communication route of the southeast, the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for road accidents in intercity taxi drivers of Kerman.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. 231 intercity taxi drivers were sampled through convenience sampling and a reliable and valid questionnaire was performed. In this study, a questionnaire was used that assessed its validity and reliability. For data analysis, descriptive and analytic methods (Univariate and multiple logistic regression) were used.
Results: The average age of participants was 39.43±8.66 year. In human factors category own speed (73.30%), car lighting (68.70%) in car factors and the route condition (85.30%) in environmental factors category were the most frequent. There was significant association between the road accident and driving route in some ways, Kerman-Sirjan (OR= 5.52, CI95%= 1.96 – 15.58, P≤ 0.001), Kerman-Bam (OR=3.20, CI95%= 1.16 – 8.80, P=0.02) and Kerman-Zarand (OR=3.02, CI95%= 1.24 – 7.36, P=0.01)
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study along with the human and car factors, the driving route, which is one of the environmental factors, plays a significant role in the occurrence of road accidents, and the presence of these three factors determines the frequency and severity of road accidents.
Seyyed Mohammad Ali Tabatabaei, Hanie Kazemi, Maryam Javidi, Mina Zarei, Seyyed Hossein Hosseini Zarch, Mahdjoube Goldani Moghadam,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (July 2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Since the external root resorption is not detectable clinically, therefore radiographic examination is very important for diagnose, Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic efficiency of conventional, digital and CBCT radiography in detecting of external root resorption.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, after radiographic and clinical examination, 20 single-rooted human premolar teeth without calcification and resorption were selected. Cavities were drilled 0.8 mm in diameter with round burs 08 in one-third of the cervical, mid, and apical of the buccal wall, digital and CBCT images were taken. The images were evaluated by 3 faculty members of Mashhad Dental School. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS V.18 software and Chi-Square test. The significance level was considered to be 0.05.
Results: The ability to detect external resorption by CBCT was significantly higher than the other two methods (P=0.000). However, there was no significant difference between conventional and digital radiography. External resorption in the coronal, middle and apical were 78.7%, 62.3%, and 35.5%, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results, CBCT seems to be more reliable in determining external root resorption, in areas of maxillofacial superimposition, and in one-third of the apical root.
Fahimeh Zarei, Katayon Vakilian, Abed Majidi,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (October 2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pregnancy due to physiological and psychological changes can affect the mental health of mothers.
This study aims to investigate the Approach of acceptance and commitment based on the fear of delivery pain.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized educational trial with a commitment-based treatment approach that was performed on pregnant women in Arak in 2016-2017. After obtaining written consent forms, 42 subjects were selected through the available sampling method. Subjects were grouped in the intervention group (ACT) and in the control group. Eight 90-minute sessions were held for 8 consecutive weeks of counseling Fear of delivery pain at 10 and one month after the intervention was measured in 2 groups by the Likert scale of pain (1-7) score. Data analysis was performed through repeated measure ANOVA by using SPSS (Version 18).
Results: Results showed that the mean pain immediately after the intervention was 2.52±2.20 in the intervention group and 4.66±1.80 in the control group. Which is a month later in the intervention group compared to the control group had a significant decrease (3.52±1.81 vs. 4.52±2.30) (P=0.001).
Conclusion: In this study, counseling with the approach of acceptance and commitment reduction the fear of delivery pain, which is the most important reason for choosing cesarean section in women, Therefore, it seems that empowering midwives to counseling approaches can be useful to improve maternal care during pregnancy, especially in the administration of delivery preparation classes.
Narjes Akbari, Sarvenaz Zare Mehrjardy, Masoud Yousefi,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (Aug 2022)
Abstract
Today, due to the high prevalence of infectious diseases and the risk of infection transmission in dental clinics, the control of infectious agents is critically important in dentistry. Given the importance of proper autoclave performance in dental processes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of autoclave devices in the sterilization process using biological methods in dental clinics in Birjand. In this analytical cross-sectional study, all 65 dental clinics in Birjand were included. After collecting the questionnaire about equipment sterilization process and the characteristics of the autoclave, a vial containing spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus was used for biological monitoring of autoclave devices. At the end of the autoclave cycle, the biological vials were incubated for 24-48 hours at 55 °C. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square or Fisher exact tests in SPSS 18 software. Among 46 clinics (71%) participating in this study, 36 clinics (83.7%) used class B autoclave. Out of 34 (77.3%) clinics that monitored the performance of the autoclave, 24 clinics (70.5%) used the chemical method, 6 clinics (17.5%) used the physical method and 4 clinics (12%) used biological methods. In the biological monitoring of the autoclave sterilization process in this study, the performance of one autoclave (2.2%) was reported to be inappropriate and this had a significant relationship with the number of autoclave uses. Despite the fact that biological monitoring of autoclave performance was not carried out in many dental clinics in Birjand, the results of this study showed that the autoclaves of a large number of dental clinics had good performance in the sterilization process. Given the importance of validating autoclave performance in dental processes, the quality control of autoclave devices in dental clinics can be taken into consideration.
Majid Zare-Bidaki, Farahnaz Ghasemi, Elaheh Allahyari, Mostafa Ashrafipour, Pouria Mohammadparast Tabas, Fatemeh Nikoomanesh,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (October 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Pistacia atlantica is one of the medicinal plants native to Iran and known for its antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the aqueous extract of P. atlantica leaves on clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in vivo.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/ fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of aqueous extract of pistachio leaf were determined on 60 isolates of E. coli and 60 isolates of C. albicans, according to CLSI protocol at concentrations of 0.125-100 mg/ml. The obtained results were analyzed using R software at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of coriander extract for E. coli and C. albicans clinical isolates were obtained at 45.3±1.0 and 43.7±1.1 mg/ml, respectively. The comparison of the minimum concentration of growth inhibitor and lethality of clinical isolates with standard E. coli strain was not significantly different (P=0.65); nonetheless, the standard strains of C. albicans were significantly different from the clinical isolates of this fungus (P<0.001).
Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the present study, the aqueous extract of P. atlantica leaves has inhibitory effects on the clinical isolates of E. coli and C. albicans. Therefore, it is possible to use the aqueous extract of this plant in isolation or in combination with other drugs to treat urinary tract and vaginal infections.
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