Journal of Translational Medical Research

---

Background and Aim: Oculomotor palsy (Third cranial nerve) in diabetic patients is presented with opthalmoplegia with pupil sparing. Other factors which can mimic third nerve palsy consist of compressive lesions such as posterior circulation aneurysm. Although these lesions are associated with opthalmoplegia with pupil involvement, in some cases pupil sparing is not a reliable symptom in ischemic neuropathy.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, of all patients who were admitted 84 cases with ischemic oculomotor palsy underwent medical treatment at diabetes research center and outpatient Neurology department of Isfahan University of medical sciences. All patients were followed up for one year. Then, the data was analyzed by SPSS package.
Results: In regard to kind of oculomotor palsy all patients were categorized into four groups. Group I: Consisting of complete opthalmoplegia without pupil involvement in which pupil remains intact throughout the study. Group II: having complete opthalmoplegia associated with pupil involvement and absence of aneurysm, was confirmed through the four vessels angiography. But no evidence of aneurysm was detected. In group III and IV with incomplete palsy; two cases of subarachnoid hemorrhages, and two cases of un-ruptured aneurysm.
Conclusion: This study indicated that lack of pupil involvement is not a reliable symptom of diabetic ischemic oculomotor palsy. But incomplete opthalmoplegia should be considered as an alarming sign of existing aneurysm.

---

Background and Aim: Menopause is a period in women’s lives that is accompanied with outcomes and effects which can adversely affect on the quality of life and weaken well-being. The most widely recognized outcome of menopause is hot flash that adversely affects on work, social activities, enjoying life, sleep, and- in sum- total quality of living. The common treatment of this symptom is hormone treatment (HRT) which has some adverse effects and sometimes some contraindications. The present study aimed at assessing the effect of Vitex on hot flash. Materials and Methods: This double –blind and clinical trial was performed on 54 women with hot flash aged between 45 and 55 years in Isfahan in 2002, which had been referred for treatment. The population was randomly divided into 2 groups: 1) taking Vitex 2) control group, taking placebos. Data collection was done through interviews and a questionnaire considering demographic and hot flash characteristics (using Kupperman Index), which was filled out for each woman. Hot flash was assessed in three stages .The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS software, descriptive and inferential statistics and P≤0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: It was found that there was a significant difference in severity of hot flash before and after treatment in vitex group (P<0.012).While the difference was not significant after treatment in the placebo group. (P>0.05).Comparing the two groups with respect to severity of hot flash after treatment revealed a significant statistical difference (P<0.05) though the difference was not significant before treatment. Conclusion: Vitex can act as an alternative in treating menopausal hot flash particularly in those who cannot safely bear hormonal treatment.

---

Background and Aim: Time of hospitalization of women for delivery can have an important impact on the outcome of labor and attention to it could prevent many complications affecting mother and fetus. The aim of this study was to detect the impact of early admission of women in labor and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study , 463 women with low risk Pregnancy single fetus and vertex presentation, that had been admitted in their latent phase (group 1) and 287 women who had similar characteristics and had been admitted in their active phase (group 2) were assessed in Hajar hospital from February to November 2004. Information recording forms and check lists were used for data collection. SPSS software, t-test, chi -square and logistic regression tests were used to analize the obtained data. P<0.05 was considered as the significant level. Results: 463 (61.7%) of women admitted were in their latent phase and 287 (38.3%) cases were in their active phase of labor. Mean age of mother, gestational age based on left mentoposterior (LMP) and sonography, mean birth weight and Apgar score of neonates were not significant in the two groups. Although the number of women who were augmentated with oxytocin due to dystocia were similar in the two groups (79.9% ,76.5%), the incidence of cesarean section in women who received oxytocin was more in group 1 than in group 2 (57.2% versus 25.8% , P<0.001). Total rate of cesarean section was more in group 1 than in group 2 (363 versus 118, P<0.001).The main Cause of cesarean section in group 1 was dystocia and in group 2 it was fetal distress. There was no difference in the rates of forceps delivery, vacuum extraction, neonatal intubation and postpartum hemorrhage in two groups. Conclusion: It is suggested that pregnant women should be sufficiently instructed about prenatal care regarding the signs of the beginning of active labor and they had better refer to the hospital when in the active phase of labor in order to prevent complications which could be resulted from early admission.

---

  Background and Aim: Nowadays pain sedation and faster healing of surgical wounds is more challenging to researchers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate histopathological effects of acetaminophen, as a non-opiod analgesic without anti-inflammatory effects, on healing of stomach surgical wounds in the rats.

  Materials and Methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups (sham, negative control and experimental) with five subjects in each. A gastrotomy incision with one cm in length was made in the greater curvature of stomach in the rats, which was thereafter sutured in 2 layers. The experimental group was orally given acetaminophen (30 mg/kg) solved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 5% (10 mL/Kg) daily for 15 days. The negative control and sham groups received DMSO 5% (10 mL/Kg) and normal saline (10 mL/Kg) respectively in the same manner as the experimental group. Histopathological studies and comparison of wound healing among the groups were carried out considering the more effective factors on wound healing such as proliferation of fibroblasts, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and collagen production. Significant differences among the groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS statistical software at the significant level of P<0.05.

  Results: There were no significant differences among the groups regarding the number of fibroblasts, capillary buds, epithelial gap size, and collagen content in healing of surgical wounds.

  Conclusion: The results indicated that acetaminophen has no adverse side-effects on surgical wound healing of the stomach in rats thus, it can be used as a pain relief after stomach surgery

---

Background and Aim: Considering the importance of obesity and regarding that only few studies in the field of normal anthropometrics are available in the country, the present .study was conducted to survey cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors in people with normal body mass index and waste circumference. Materials and Methods: Data of this cross-sectional study was obtained from the 1st phase of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP), which is a communo-intervening plan on 3718 individuals aged over 19 years, having normal Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in Isfahan, Najaf-abad, and Arak. In order to evaluate the association between the quartiles of BMI and WC with CVD risk factors, multiple logistic regression was applied. Results: Out of the population of the study, 2859 were males and 859 females with mean age 34.29±14.29 yrs. The odd ratio (ORs) of dislipidemia in the biggest quartile of BMI in males and females was 1.84 [1.45-2.33] (P<0.001) and 1.56[1.05-2.30] (P<0.05), respectively. Odds ratio of at least two risk factors in the highest W.C. quartile was 2/6 [1.45-4.65] (P=0/001). and In men, the odds ratio of at least one risk factor in the highest WC and BMI quartile were 1.42 [1.12-1.817] (P=0.001) and 1.78[1.90-2.27] (P=0.002), respectively compared with the first quartile. Conclusion: Although normal borderline levels of BMI and WC are used to predict CVD risk factors, but lower borderline levels of these Indexes can also be referred to as a CVD risk predictor.

---

Background and Aim: Risk of mortality associated with nosocomial infections in health centers as a problem has always existed. These infections can be transmitted through contact with the environment or equipment to patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the frequency of bacterial contamination in different parts of the center Educational and therapeutic center in Qaen Shohada Hospital during the years 2011-2016.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, Data are collected through archived information in the Infection Control Department of the Educational and Therapeutic Center in Qaen shohada Hospital during the years 2011-2016 The sampling was done by the census. Variables such as year, physical environment, sampling levels, equipment, type of bacteria (gram positive or negative) were recorded in the checklist. Type of bacteria based on blood agar and EMB agar and gram stain was performed. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and analyzed using Chi-Square tests and Fisher exact test.
Results: The results of this study showed that of 1758 samples, 542 cases (30.8%) had bacterial contamination. The most bacterial strains were gram-positive (77.3%). Among the different parts of the hospital, the highest contamination was found in the kitchen (75%) and then the internal section (51.3%). Among the equipment that was cultured on the bacteria, the most contamination was related to medical equipment (69.3%).
Conclusion: The study showed that bacterial contamination levels and departments of different hospitals are significant. The use of standard preventive and controlling infectious disease guidelines can be effective in reducing these infections.