2024-03-29T11:02:17+04:30 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=9&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 Breast hematoma simulate as carcinoma: A case report and a review of the literature D. Farrokh B. Zandi , J. Hashemi Breast hematoma is common after trauma, surgery, or biopsy. Sometimes there is no history of trauma and hematoma can occur in patients with hematologic diseases or coagulation disorders. Breast hematoma may present mamographically as an ill-defined density or spiculated mass mimicking a carcinoma. In this report, a 48-year old woman who underwent mammography because of a painless palpable node in the right breast is introduced. Mammography revealed an irregular spiculated lesion, 25 mm in diameter, without microcalcifications in the upper inner quadrant of the right breast which seemed to be a malignant tumor. Ultrasonography of the right breast showed a non homogeneous hypoechoic nodule with irregular margins. Surgery and local excision revealed breast hematoma. ‌Breast hematoma must be thought of as a differential diagnosis for a breast mass, regardless of previous trauma, surgery or hematologic disorders. Occasionally, the late squeal of a breast hematoma may resemble a carcinoma with spiculated lesion Breast Biopsy Hematoma Carcinoma Mammography Ultrasonography 2006 12 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-119-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 Academic staff and students\' impressions on academic evaluation of students in Birjand University of Medical Sciences and Health Services M. Ziaee npziaee @yahoo.com M. Miri M. Haji-abadi Gh. Azarkar P. Eshbak Background and Aim: Evaluating of academic members on students assessment is a kind of educational evaluation, which includes determining their rate of success in their own educational goals. The present study was aimed to investigate the academic staff and students' impressions on academic evaluation of students in Birjand University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Materials and Methods: In a periodic descriptive study the academic members (60 individuals) and students (280 individuals) of Birjand University of Medical Sciences contributed. Their views were studied through two discrete questionnaires whose content validity, after some specialists’ poll and introductory study, was approved. Besides, the reliability of the questionnaires was assessed using internal homogeneity and calculating Koronbach α coefficient. Koronbach α coefficient was found to be 80%. The data were analyzed through SPSS software presenting frequency and then chi-squarer test (α = 0.05) was used to compare the frequencies. Results: Of the 60 academic members (30 majoring in basic sciences and 30 in clinical sciences), 95% were aware of being evaluated by students and 81.7% thought that the university Educational Development Center (EDC) was responsible for evaluation. Also 91.7% of the academic staff had received the feedback of their own evaluation, 45% of them absolutely approved of the effectiveness of announcing evaluation grade in improving teaching, 40% believed that filling out the forms by students lacks a sense of responsibility and patience, and 30% thought the job was not done honestly. As for the students, from a total oشf 280, 40% believed that the evaluation forms- to a great extent- could not evaluate teaching quality of an academic member 78.2% of them filled out the forms patiently enough and 82.8% thought that the results of evaluation are credited very little. Conclusion: Evaluating teaching method of academic members is a process aiming at improving their teaching and promoting it and giving evaluation feedback to them can reveal their strengths and weaknesses in teaching. Besides, with respect to the fact that students, more than all other educational staff are in touch with teaching process and they are able to offer their views on the nature of teaching. Evaluation will often be useful if it is part of a comprehensive assessment program of academic staff and if the feedback data have the necessary validity and reliability. Evaluation Academic members Students Birjand University of Medical Sciences 2006 12 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-118-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 A Study of Birjand University students\' knowledge and attitude towards taking Ecstasy pills N. Moasheri n.moasheri@yahoo.com M. Miri HR. Mashreghi Moghadam MR Eslami Background and Aim: Drug addiction is ruinous, but more ruinous is addiction to Ecstasy drugs and materials .Undoubtedly, some juveniles and youths, due to lacking sufficient knowledge take these pills to put an end to their griefs. Regarding the increasing use of this material in the country the present study was carried out to measure the extent of Birjand University students' knowledge about and attitude towards Ecstasy (EX) pills in Birjand. It was thus considered their rate of knowledge and attitude to plan for necessary training in this respect. The harmful effects of these materials should be introduced to the students and to other vulnerable groups of the community. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive- analytical study 536 students from Universities of Medical sciences, Azad, and Birjand were investigated. Data collecting tool was a structured questionnaire containing 30 questions. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured by content validity and test re-test, respectively .To analyze the data, chi-square, student t-test, and one -way variance were used and P0.05 was considered as the significant level. Results: It was revealed that 63.4% of the students had weak, 29.7% moderate, and only 6.9% had high knowledge about Ecstasy pills, 13.6% of them had seen the pills, but only 4.3% had used them. There was no significant relationship between mean knowledge score and variables such as gender, place of residence, and University. Also, there was no significant relationship between using EX pills, University, and order of birth. But there was a significant correlations between using EX pills and place of residence, gender, and students’ rate of knowledge (P<0.05). Conclusion: Lack of information and knowledge is a leading factor in attracting vulnerable groups of the community to Ecstasy pills .Besides, living in places, such as rented houses, not controlled by authorities can be a factor in attracting students to narcotics and ecstasy. Ecstasy pills Student Knowledge Attitude 2006 12 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 : Epidemiology of organophosphate poisoning, and its cardiac and pulmonary effects AA. RafighDoost abbasali_rafighdoust@yahoo.com E. MirHoseini H. PourZand AH. RafighDoost Background and Aim: Acute organophosphate poisoning causes thousands of human mortalities each year in developing countries. Organophosphates are frequently used as insecticides in households and in agricultural areas, thus posing a risk for accidental dermal exposure or through inhalation. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics, epidemiology, clinical course, cardiac and electrocardiographic manifestation, and evaluation results of fifty one patients admitted to emergency room with a diagnosis of acute organophosphate poisoning. Materials and Methods: The clinical details of fifty one patients were collected in a prospective study for twelve months. Diagnosis of intoxication was based on clinical findings, butyralcholinesterase levels, and- in several cases- the material brought to the hospital. Finally, demographic, intoxication and clinical data were analyzed. Results: The study group was comprised of twenty males and thirty one females, whose age range was between one year and over forty five years 3.92% of whom were under ten. Accidental exposure was the cause of intoxication in 13.73% of the cases, and 78.43% of them had attempted suicide. Cardiac complication had developed in thirty three patients. Non- cardiogenic pulmonary edema was diagnosed in seventeen patients (33.3%), electrogardiographic abnormalities including prolonged QTc interval in thirty three (64.71%), ST-T changes in twelve (23.53%), and conduction defects in two cases (3.92%), T wave changes in fourteen (27.45%), sinus tachycardia in eight (15.68%), and sinus bradycardia in eleven patients (21.57%). Conclusion: This study was performed to raise the knowledge of general population about toxicity of these substances, multiple ways of their absorption through different systems, and the need for immediate seeking of medical care after poisoning is suspected. It is essential to monitor electrical activity of the heart especially QTc measurement which can be a good predictor of fatal arrythmias. The role of mass media, here, is of great importance in prevention of this poisoning. Organophosphates Arrhythmias Cardiac arrest Electrocardiography QT interval 2006 12 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-116-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 Surveying pregnant women\'s nutritional status and some factors affecting it in cases referring to Shahrood health-care centers M. Delvarian Zadeh delvarianzadeh_mehri@ yahoo.com H. Ebrahimi N. Bolbol Haghighi Background and Aim: Efficiency of nutrition has a crucial role during pregnancy. Malnutrition causes health vulnerability of mothers and thereby oncoming pregnancy side effects including low birth weight, delayed fetus growth, abortion and pre- term delivery. The present study was carried out to determine the nutritional status of pregnant women and some of the factors affecting it in those attending various health-care centers in Shahrood. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 169 pregnant women who were referred to 8 health-care centers in Shahrood, experiencing their third trimester of pregnancy with mean age of 25.13 and marital age of 20.11 years were selected. The diet of the pregnant women was checked by recording consumed foodstuffs during the past 24 hours and for a period of one week. Biochemical and hematological tests as well as anthropometrical examinations using body mass index (BMI) were also performed. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square, and t-tests at the significant level of P0.05. Results: BMI analysis showed that 42.6% of the subjects had normal BMI, 20.13% were overweight, and 37.27% were obese. The study also revealed that 9.6% of the women had less than 11g/dL hemoglobin. A significant relationship was found between education and profession of the subjects, the dose of iron tablet taking, multivitamin use, the last referring to doctor, and kind of housing to BMI. Moreover, it was found that the intake of energy, protein, vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Ca, and iron among the subjects were below the standard level of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Conclusion: The results of survey revealed that weight increase, obesity and the unavailability or shortage of suitable nutritive foods were the main problems which was due to lack of mothers’ awareness and information about the required balance between the intake of proper and nutritive diet and the amount of energy needed. Thus, it is essential in health-care centers to pay close attention to mothers’ education regarding their nutritional needs during pregnancy. Nutritional status Pregnant women Health care centers Shahrood BMI 2006 12 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 Evaluating Puberty health program effect on knowledge increase among female intermediate and high school students in Birjand M. Moodi mitra_m2561@yahoo.com N. ZamaniPour Gh. SharifZadeh M. Akbari-Bourang S. Salehi Background and Aim: Puberty is one of the most critical period in a female adolescents' life. During this period, in addition to consideration of the girls' social problem and relationships, it is necessary to pay close attention to the health problems of puberty and get them aquainted with puberty health necessities. This intervening study aimed at evaluating the effect of educational program for puberty health on improving intermediate and high school female students' knowledge in Birjand. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 325 female intermediate and high school students were selected through randomized cluster sampling during several stages. Then, a self-set questionnaire including 20 questions, each having one point regarding puberty health, was distributed among them. After being filled out, the questionnaires were gathered. Following this, under a systemic educational plan all intermediate and high school selected students were given the same instruction by trained instructors. Instruction time for each meeting was estimated 1.5 hours. One month after the educational program and handing out the pamphlets in schools, the previous questionnaires were again distributed among the students to fill out, then, they were gathered. Those students who, for whatever reason, had avoided to fill out the questionnaires were omitted from study. At the end, 302 students who had filled out the questionnaires before and after intervention were studied. The obtained data were analysed by statistical paired Student t-test at significant level of P0.05. Results: Out of 302 students, 151 were intermediate and 151 high school students. Knowledge level among intermediate students was estimated 5.033.7 before intervention and 10.84.8 after intervention. Among high school students, the scores were 4.12.3 and 8.73.8, respectively. There was a significant difference between pre-intervention stage and post-intervention stage in both groups (P<0.001). Also, mean knowledge grade in all the students under study increased from 4.63.1 before intervention to 9.74.4 after intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: Performing educational programs during puberty has a crucial role in young girls' knowledge increase. Since young girls often do not share their problems with their parents and their peers during the period, instructional classes in schools provide a good oppotunity for them to present their problems and finding solutions. Evaluation Puberty Health Instruction program Knowledge Female students Birjand 2006 12 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-114-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 Tratogenical effects of cadmium on mitochondria and nucleus of Purkinje cells in cerebellum of rat embryos by Transmission Electron Microscope A. Amini d.amini2005@yahoo.com A. Faghihi M. MehdiZadeh Background and Aim: The results of various reports show that cadmium, as a teratogenic agent, affects the development and evolution of mammals because it has several toxic impacts. On the other hand, regarding the increase in cadmium use in industrial communities and its presence in non-industrial sources –such as foods, water, beverages, cigarette- and also considering the reports presenting teratogenic impacts of the element on the development of the brain and high sensitivity of neurons and mitochondria to teratogenic elements, this study was carried out to evaluate cadmium impacts on the most sensitive nerve cell organelles (i.e mitochondria and nucleus). Material and Methods: Forty adult female Wistar rats were used in this experimental study. The animals were randomly assigned to four groups: control І, control ІІ, experiment І and experiment ІІ. The experimental groups І and ІІ received 2mg/kg/BW of cadmium chloride solution intraperitoneally (ip) both on the 7th day and 16th day of pregnancy. Whereas, the control group І and ІІ were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline on the same days. After delivery, on the fourth day (postna/tal PN4) rats of the four different groups were perfused intracardially with 1% fixative glutaraldehyde solution. After appropriate procedures, the histological samples were observed through transmission electron microscopy and the cellular and subcellular characteristics of Purkinje nerve cells were evaluated. Results: Qualitative microscopic assessment of the specimens showed considerable changes such as Purkinje cells death, heterochromatin nuclei, unclear nucleolus, deterioration of mitochondrial membrane and cristae, formation of numerous abnormal vacuoles in mitochondria and separated particles of cytoplasm with cellular components in the experimental groups. Conclusion: The present study clearly identified that cadmium exposure can induce degenerative changes in organelles especially mitochondria and nuclei of Purkinje cells in cerebellum of rat embryos. Teratogen Cadmium Mitochondry Nucleus Purkinje cell Cerebellum Rat 2006 12 01 9 15
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 Association between Helicobacter pylori infection with coronary heart disease A. Amrai M. Azemati azemati@gmail.com M. Moghaddam Background and Aim: Today ischemic heart diseases are the first reason of death in most societies , and in studies done some testimonies have reported about the role of inflammations and chronic infections in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to find out if there were any association between Helicobacter- pylori infection and atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, endoscopy, urease test, and serology on 164 individuals (82 with coronary heart disease and 82 healthy ones) were performed to test the existence of Helicobacter-pylori. Finally, the obtained data were statistically analysed at the significant level of P≤0.05 by applying SPSS software and t-test. Results: It was found that among 82 individuals in the control group urease test of 82.5% and serology test of 65% were positive and among the case group (82 patients) 75% of urease test and 70% of serology test was positive. There was not a meaningful relationship between infection and coronary heart disease (P=0.21). Conclusion: In these two groups, whose age and gender were partly matched, there was not a meaningful statistical difference with regard to Helicobacter-pylori infection. Thus, other factors (inflammatory and non-inflammatory) for coronary heart disease should be investigated. Coronary heart disease Helicobacter pylori infection Endoscopy 2006 12 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 The Effect of ultrasound and duration of stretching of the hamstring muscle group on the range of passive extension of the knee joint H. Moodi hesammoodi@yahoo.com A. Akbari F. Ghiasi F. Moodi Background and Aim: Only a few studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of ultrasound and duration of stretching on the enhancement of hamstring muscle flexibility. The purpose of this study was to determine the knee joint passive extension in male students with hamstring shortness and the effect of duration of stretching and ultrasound on the treatment of this deficit. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed in Zabol in 2005. Fifty students from a boys' intermediate school aged 12-14 years participated in the study through simple non-probability sampling. The subjects were randomly assigned to five treatment groups including ultrasound therapy, ultrasound therapy and fifteen seconds stretch, ultrasound therapy and thirty seconds stretch, only fifteen seconds stretch, and finally thirty seconds stretch. The range of knee joint passive extension (degree) as an indicator of hamstring muscle flexibility was measured before and after ten treatment sessions. The obtained data were analyzed at the significant level of PL0.05 using ANOVA and Student t-paired tests. Results: Passive extension of the knee joint increased from 160.2±7.9 degrees to 163.3±7.5 degrees in the first group (P=0.001). In the second group it increased from 161.1±6.9 degrees to 166.5±5.9 degrees (P<0.0001); in the third group from 163.5±6.7 degrees to 171.2±5.9 degrees (P<0.0001), in the fourth group from 161±11.8 degrees to 164.4±11.3 degrees (P=0.005), and in the fifth group from 166.1±5.6 degrees to 171.1±4.8 degrees (P=0.001). There was not a significant difference between the five groups before (P=0.48) and after treatment (P=0.059). Conclusion: It was found that hamstring muscle group flexibility increased in all the five remedial procedures. Although none of the procedures were significantly preferable to the rest in terms of increase in hamstring muscle group flexibility Range of motion Ultrasound Knee joint Hamstring Extension 2006 12 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 The efficacy of antibiotic therapy on recovery of tonsilectomy and adenotonsillectomy A. Meimane Jahromi elyas_pr@yahoo.com H. Honarvar AR. Khalighi Background and Aim: Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy is one of the most frequent operations performed in ENT practice. Mortality and morbidity associated with tonsillectony and adentonosillectomy include severe otalgia, pyrexia, odynophagia, dysphasia, hemorrhage, upper air way obstruction, nasopharyngeal stenosis, infection, and finally death. Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial study was undertaken in 2004 in Emam_Reza hospital of Mashhad to determine the efficacy of profilactic antibiotic therapy in reducing complications of tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. A total of 200 patients who had undergone tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy for chronic / recurrent tonsillitis or adenotonsillar hypertrophy were included 100 patients receive antibiotic in the form of amoxicillin for seven days postoperatively (case group), another 100 patients did not receive antibiotic postoperatively (control group). Results: In the control group 49% were males and 51% were females. In the case group 55% were males and 45% were females. In the control group 3% were less than 3 years and 16% between 3 and 7 years 44% between 7 and 12 years, and 37% were over 12. In the case group 1% was under 3 years, 23% between 3 and 7 years, 49% between 7 and 12 and 27% patients were over 12. All of the patients were postoperatively examined 24 hours and one week later to check the occurrence of fever, pain, hemorrhage, infection, wound healing, general condition, progression to solid diet, activity, and hospital readmission. Statistically, there were no significant differences between the two groups in regard to fever, infection, hemorrhage, readmission, wound healing, general condition and pain (P>0.05) Conclusion: Antibiotic therapy is not recommended routinely to all patients that undergo tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy unless postoperative infection occurs. Tonsillectomy Adenotonsillectomy Antibiotic therapy 2006 12 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-110-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 4 Comparaison of oral ciprofloxacin with parenteral ceftriaxone in treatment of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in women MR. Erfanian m-erfanian@mums.ac.i M. Seyed Nozadi Background and Aim: Acute pyelonephritis is one of the most frequent bacterial infections in women which is usually managed by parenteral antibiotics, that are more expensive than oral ones. A lot of physicians recommend oral ciprofloxacin as a drug of choice to treat acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Recently, some patients did not responded to ciprofloxacine practically. This study was to assess treatment efficacy of oral ciprofloxacin with parenteral ceftriaxone in acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in women. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 47 women who were hospitalized with positive urine culture of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in Hashemy-nezhad hospital between 2002 and 2004. In all cases, isolated micro-organism was E.coli. After randomized selection each patient was treated by using one of the two regimens: oral ciprofloxacin or parenteral ceftriaxone. The patients were examined 24, 48, and 72 hours after the beginning of treatment for fever and other clinical symptoms and signs. For the assessment of bacteriologic response, urine cultures were undertaken at the end of the third and seventh day after the beginning of treatment. The obtained data were processed by means of SPSS software. Then, for data description statistical tables were used. Finally, student-t and fisher exact test were employed to analyse the data at the significant level of P0.05. Results: Mean age of subjects was 41.35±10.22 years. Mean age of women treated by ciprofloxacine and ceftriaxone were 41.68±9.30 and 41.12±11.80 years, respectively the difference of which was not significant statistically (P=0.61). Clinical response (negativity of urine cultures at the 3rd and 7th day) to treatment by oral ciprofloxacin and parenteral ceftriaxone revealed no significant difference. Mean symptoms improvement duration in oral ciprofloxacin and parenteral ceftriaxone were 2.67±0.49 and 1.63±0.63 days, respectively and thus, the difference was significant (P=0.000). Conclusion: The survey showed that oral ciprofloxacin is almost as effective as parenteral ceftriaxone but improvement of symptoms by ceftriaxone occurred earlier compared with ciprofloxacin taking. Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis Women Ciprofloxacin Ceftriaxone Clinical response 2006 12 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf