2024-03-28T14:17:20+04:30 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=8&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
8-106 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 3 A Study of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female prisoners in Birjand N. Ghanbarzadeh M. Nadjafi-Semnani Background and Aim: Although Iran is amongst the countries with the lowest prevalent HIV, the rising incidence of AIDS in Iran indicates that there should be a plan for active preventive measures in high- risk populations. This study aimed at surveying the prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) and their risk factors among female prisoners in Birjand. Materials and Methods: It was explained to 224 incarcerated women that the interview and gynecologic examination were not compulsory and anonymous blood sampling would be done and the results of these would remain confidentional. Of these, 199 cases volunteered for the study. A researcher filled a questionnaire per each interview. For HIV, RPR, and HbsAg anonymous blood sampling was performed. Gynecologic examination was undertaken by a researcher who was a gynecologist and vaginal smear for gonorrhea and trichomonia were taken. Results: The patients aged 16 to 73 years with mean 35±12.3. 71.4% were married and 28.6% were widows or divorcee. History of remarriage, addiction and tattooing was 11.1%, 51.3%, and 38.2%, respectively. Almost all (98.5%) were detained for narcotic charges and 1.5% for illegal sex. There was history of other marriage, addiction and incarceration of husband in 29.6%, 35.7% and 38.2% respectively. Out of 102 addicts 10 (9.8%) were IV drug abusers. HIV and RPR tests were negative in all the women. HbsAg, Smear for trichomonia and gonorrhea were positive 7.5%, 9.5%, and 4.5%, respectively. There was significant relationship between tattoo and HbsAg (P=0.04) as well as between positive smear for trichomonia and husband addictions (P=0.009) and other marriages (P=0.005). Conclusion: STI prevalence was low and no HIV positive woman was found even among IV drug abusers. Educational program about tattooing, which was the only risk factor for HbsAg positive test among female prisoners, should be implemented. Women who had been incarcerated more than 12 months had a lower rate of positive gonococci smear (P=0.04). HIV AIDS Prisoners Female Infectious disease 2006 10 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.pdf
8-105 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 3 Effective factors on mothers\' performance regarding supplementary iron-drop taking by their children in Birjand A. FesharakiNia fesharakinia@yahoo. com GhR. SharifZadeh Background and Aim: Iron deficiency anemia is the commonest hematological disease and nutritional deficiency in children therefore, in many countries-including Iran, as well -long term programs for the prevention of it have been carried out. This study was done in Birjand in 2005 to evaluate mothers' performance regarding iron- drop taking by their children and to identify effective factors involved. Material and Methods: This cross- sectional study was undertaken during the spring of 2005 on mothers with 24- 30 month old children who were under the supervision of 9 urban hygiene- health centers in Birjand. 292 mothers were chosen through multi- staging cluster sampling and their performance regarding suitable age to start and to stop iron- drop taking and the proper way to use it was evaluated. Moreover, the effect of some factors on mothers' performance was studied through questionnaires and live interviews. The obtained data was statistically analysed at the significant level of P<0.05 by means of SPSS software and chi-square statistical test. Results: Almost all (97.6%) mothers had begun giving iron- drop at suitable age (4-6 month old), 23.3% of them discontinued it before suitable age (24 month old). The most common cause for the interruption (45.6%) was gastrointestinal (GI) complications (vomiting and diarrhea). In regard to essential care during the period of using iron-drop the performance of 28. 8% of mothers was good, 58.6% moderate, and 12.7% was weak. There was a significant correlation between mothers' performance and their level of education (P=0.01). But there was not a significant relationship between mothers' instruction in health centers, gravidity, newborn's sex, mother’s age, and her occupational status. Conclusion: Raising the level of mothers' education in the region, by holding special classes for mothers with low level of literacy and a review of educational programs of the health centers are recommended. Supplementary iron-drop Mother Performance Level of literacy 2006 10 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.pdf
8-104 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 3 Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the adults of central of areas of Iran (as part of "Isfahan Healthy Heart Study") M. GhariPour gharipour@crc.mui.ac.ir A. Baghei M. Boshtam K. Rabiei Background and Aim: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a kind of metabolic disturbance generally coincident with abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and variation in glucose tolerance test .MS can be a prognostic parameter for fatal diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes Melitus. Different factors affect the prevalence of the disease. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, patients were selected according to ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel). The existence of at least three factors of the following was the criteria for affliction with the disease: (1) abdominal obesity with waist circumference 102 cm in men and 88 cm in woman, (2) hypertriglyceridemia ³150 mg/dL, (3) low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women, (4) blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg, (5) diabetic history and taking anti-glycemic drugs or having fasting blood sugar ≥110 mg/dL, (6) high blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg. The obtained data were statistically analysed through SPSS software at the significant level P<0.05. Then, the frequency distribution of MS factors was determined with regard to age, sex, and habitation. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of the MS were 25.4% and 21.7% in urban and rural area of Isfahan respectively. MS was higher among the women of Isfahan and central cities compared to men.Its highest frequency was seen in the eldery people (over 60) living in Isfahan villages (68.9%). Conclusion: It was found that approximately 21.9% of Iranian adults living in the central part of Iran suffer from MS. In summary, this study showed an increased risk of MS among middle-aged women in urbun areas which may be due to their insufficient physical activity.. The results indicate that the primary prevention should not only consider biological risk factors, but must also take socio-demographic conditions into account in order to identfy persons of high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome ATPIII Prevalence Iran 2006 10 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf
8-103 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 3 Relationship between injectional oxytocin and promethazin in labor with hyperbilirubinemia on 3rd day after birth M. DavoodAbadi ma_davoodi@hotmail.com N. SeyedZadeh-Aghdam K. Vakilian R. Golestani Araghi Background and Aim: Oxytocin causes restriction of water in newborns' red blood cells because of its hyposmotic potential. Therefore red blood cells' ability to change their form decreases, but their lysis increases when they pass through reticuloendothelial system which causes hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn. Promethazin, because of its efficacy against liver bile ducts, also causes reversible hyperbilirubinemia during the first days after birth. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between injectional oxytocin and promethazin in labor with hyperbilirubinemia on the third day after birth. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in 2001 on all term newborns, during a definite month in Ghods hospital,affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences. The newborns were selected through simple sampling. Mothers' demographic characteristics, dosage of injectional oxytocin and promethazin during labor, time of birth, sex and birth weight of the newborns , first and fifth minute Apgar score, umbilical cord hemoglobin and indirect bilirubin, time of the first feeding of the newborn, feeding type (breast- feeding, bottle-feeding ,or sweet water), number of feeding during the first 72 hours, time of meconium defecation and serum indirect bilirubin 48 to 72 hours after birth, were all recorded in a check list. The obtained data was statistically analysed applying SPSS software, statistical Z and Chi-square tests at the significant level P≤0.05. Results: On the whole, 85 newborns were evaluated in this study. There was no relationship between third day indirect hyperbilirubinemia and injections of oxytocin and promethazin during labor (P>0.05), although there was a reverse correlation with the number of breast-feeding during 24 hours (P<0.01), and a direct relationship with sweet water feeding during 24 hours (P<0.05). Linear regression modeling showed that indirect bilirubin reduced to 0.98 mg/dL on the third day after birth with every breast-feeding during 24 hours. Indirect bilirubin raised to 1.16 mg/dL per every feeding with sweet water during the same length of time. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, if term newborns are only breast fed during the first days after birth, the risk of indirect hyperbilirubinemia will decrease even if there were injections of oxytocin and promethazin during labor. Hyperbilirubinemia Oxytocin Promethazin Third day after birth Labor 2006 10 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-103-en.pdf
8-102 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 3 Effects of macro-and micro nutrients intake on blood sugar, serum triglyceride and cholesterol in type II diabetes A. Kooshki kooshki-nutr@yahoo.com M. Golafroz Background and Aim: One of the problems that threaten public health is the increase in the number of diabetics in the world, 90% of who have type II diabetes. In most cases, dietary foods and controlling weight can maintain their blood sugar and lipids at normal range. This study was intended to evaluate the effect of nutrients intake on blood sugar, serum triglyceride, and cholesterol in type II diabetics. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytic study was done on 77 type II diabetic patients randomly chosen in 2005. Their weight and height were measured then their self-reported nutrients intake during 24 hours was also recorded .Besides, the amount of food for three consecutive days and food frequency intake for each patient were determined and each case's nutrient intake was calculated through Food Processor software. Blood sugar, serum triglyceride, and cholesterol indices were measured after 12 hours fasting. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by means of SPSS software, using descriptive statistics and partial correlation coefficient at the significant level P≤0.05. Results: The patients mean age was 53.79±14.22 years their body mass index (BMI) was 26.99±5.00 kg/m2. Mean concentration of blood sugar and serum triglyceride, serum triglyceride, and cholesterol were 198. 01±81.24, 258.45±146.43, 241.98±62.45 mg/dL, respectively. Among macronutrients, there was a significant relationship between fibers with blood sugar and serum triglyceride, between Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acids(MUFA) with serum triglyceride ,and between Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) with blood sugar and serum triglyceride (P<0.05). Among micronutrient, only vitamin C had a significant relationship with blood sugar (P<0/05). Conclusion: Regarding the important effect of nutrients including fibrous foods, unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C on controlling blood sugar and lipid, diet therapy can be recommended as the first or essential treatment, together with therapeutic methods, in controlling blood sugar and lipid in type II diabetes. Diabetics Blood sugar Serum cholesterol Serum triglyceride Nutrient 2006 10 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-102-en.pdf
8-101 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 3 Immunohistochemical study of cell proliferation marker (Ki-67), estrogen, and progesterone receptors expression in breast carcinoma N. Sharifi-Systani n-sharifi@mums.ac.ir MH. Sadeghian F. Homaei F. Haghighi Background and Aim: Breast carcinoma is a pervasive malignancy in the world, and in our country-Iran-as well. Extensive studies have been done on its diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and factors affecting its prognosis. The present study aimed at determining proliferative rate of cells, the condition of steroid hormone receptors, correlation of these with each other and with other factors such as age ,lymph nodes involvement, and tumoral grade in breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This analytical and applied study was carried out in the pathology laboratory of Ghaem hospital -affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences- in 2004. Fifty cases of breast carcinoma, confirmed through histopathology, were selected. After checking microscopic slides and preparing suitable sections, specific staining through immunohistochemical procedure with estrogen (ER), progesteron (PR) markers, and Ki-67 was done. Then the slides were examined by two pathologists to determine immunoreactivity of tumoral cells by means of H-score system for ER and PR, the percent of tumoral cells for Ki- 67, and then the results were reported. The obtained data was analysed at the significant level P≤0.05 applying ANOVA and Spearman correlation coefficient statistical tests. Results: Ki-67, ER and PR expression in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma were 24.25%, 89.62 and 59 respectively. Between Ki-67 and ER no relationship was found. But there was a significant correlation between Ki-67 and PR (P=0.05). Also, there was a significant correlation between the incidence of ER and PR (P=0.00). Ki-67 expression in the three grades of invasive ductal breast carcinoma revealed distinct and meaningful difference (P=0.01). Among rare types of breast carcinomas, the most expression of Ki-67, PR and ER was observed in invasive lobular carcinoma and the least in papillary and medulary carcinomas. Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry is very important in the prognosis and treatment of breast carcinoma. Thus proper procedures, standardization of ER and PR is necessary. Breast carcinoma Immunohistochemistry Steroid receptors Proliferative marker Ki-67 2006 10 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 3 Tremor in the right hand as the most common initial manifestation of Parkinson disease M. Afshar afshar_md@yahoo.com K. Ghandehari Background and Aim: Parkinson Disease (PD) is a common cause of disability in the aged. PD patients need life long drug therapy and rehabilitation. This study was to evaluate the initial manifestations of PD. Materials and Methods: In this case-series study, 100 consecutive elderly patients with PD enrolled in a prospective case series study in Valie-e-Asr neurology clinic affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences during 2002-2004. PD was confirmed by a neurologist based on the criteria developed by British Parkinson association. Age of the patients at PD onset and its first clinical manifestations were kept in a data base. The obtained data was statistically analysed applying SPSS software, chi-square and t-test, at the significant level P≤0.05. Results: 100 PD patients were evaluated, of whom 68 were males and 32 females. Mean age of the patients at the onset of PD was 63.6±9.6 years. In 76% of our PD patients, resting tremor was the initial manifestation. Right hand, left hand, and both hands tremor were the initial manifestation in 50%, 14% and 12% of our PD patients, respectively. Hypokinesia-bradykinesia, Rigidity and dementia consisted 18%, 4% and 2% of initial PD manifestations respectively. Conclusion: Resting tremor in the right hand is the most common initial manifestation of PD in elderly PD patients and therefore it should be taken into account as a significant sign in the initial diagnosis of PD. Parkinson Tremor Clinical manifestation Right hand 2006 10 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf
8-99 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 3 Evaluation of the effects of vitamin C on tympanic graft repair in tympanoplasty M. PourSadegh M. Seyyedi m_sa1@yahoo.com A. Mohammadi Background and Aim: Vitamin C has proved to be an influential factor in wound repair and previous studies showed that it can accelerate the repair of surgical incisions and bed wounds and cornea burns. In this study the effect of vitamin C in the success of tympanic graft repair applying underlay technique and by means of tympanic membrane muscle was evaluated. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study which carried in 2002-2003, 60 patients referring to the ENT ward of Imam Reza Hospital- affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences- demanding voluntary tympanoplasty, were examined. The clients were randomly divided into two groups case and control, each with 30 individuals. After tympanoplasty the case group took oral vitamin C for one month, but the control group received placebo. The patients were then followed up for three years. Preoperative and postoperative condition of tympanum and audiometry results in the two groups were compared (2.5 months and 3 years later). The obtained data were analysed by means of SPSS software, using paired t-test at the significant level P≤0.05. Results: Respectively, 86.7 and 83.3% of the case group and control group had successful tympanoplasty. vitamin C did not have any effect on the success of tympanoplasty in the case group compared with the control group. But, it had a significant impact on their audiometry scores in comparison with the control (P≤0.01). Conclusion: According to the study, vitamin C administration had no effect on successful tympanoplasty. But, it improved hearing status. Tympanoplasty Vitamin C Wound healing 2006 10 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 3 The effect of dexamethasone on reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting following tonsillectomy S. JahanBakhsh ssjahan@mums.ac.ir Gh. Soltani M. ZiyaeiFar Background and Aim: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common operations in children. This operation is associated with complications such as nausea and vomiting, pain and dysphagia postoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of dexamethasone on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Materials and Methods: In this double-blinded study, 130 patients who had referred to Imam Reza hospital-affiliated to BUMS- for tonsillectomy were randomly divided into case and control groups. The case group was administered dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg (Maximum dose 25 mg) IV preoperatively. The control group received an equivalent volume of saline preoperatively. Then, the incidence of PONV, time of first oral intake and time of recovery were compared in both groups were compared. The obtained data were statistically analysed at the significant level P≤0.05 by means of statistical software’s SPSS and Chi-square test. Results: Compared with placebo (Saline), dexamethasone significantly decreased the incidence of PONV (P=0.048). The time of first oral intake was shorter (P=0.003) but the time of recovery was not different (P=0.159). Conclusion: Preoperative dexamethasone reduces both PONV and the time of first oral intake without any effect on recovery time. Tonsillectomy PONV Dexamethasone 2006 10 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2006 13 3 organophosphorous nerve agents poison M. balali Mood K. balali Mood Gh. Danei E. Ghaeninejad Introduction: Organophosphorous (OP) chemical warfare nerve agents are similar to OP pesticides in their structure and toxic mechanisms.. These agents mainly sarin and tabun were used during Iran-Iraq war with high mortalities. Sarin was also used as chemical terrorism in Matsomoto and Tokyo metro in 1994 and 1995, respectively with high morbidity and mortality. Since these lethal agents are still a big threat, medical and even paramedical and nursing staff should obtain enough knowledge about chemical toxicity and be prepared to manage in any chemical events of nerve agents exposure. Toxicity: OP nerve agents are cholinesterase inhibitors, leading to acetylcholine accumulation at nerve endings, stimulating muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. These agents have also direct effects on CNS and to a lesser degree on cardiovascular system. The toxic effects induce manifestations on different systems including nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal system and organs such as skin, eyes and skeletal muscles leading to death in severely intoxicated patients. Management: In addition to atropine and oximes as known antidotes, based on research in Mashhad poisons centre, cheap available pharmaceuticals including sodium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, and antioxidants (vitamins C and E) have recently been used successfully for the treatment of OP poisoning. Conclusion: Chemical warfare nerve agents are highly toxic, and induce high morbidity and mortality in chemical wars and terrorism. Thus, prompt emergency and proper management are required. Medical, paramedical and nursing staff must be aware of and be prepared for any possible chemical nerve agents accidents. Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium sulfate and the antioxidants should be added to the standard treatment of OP poisonings. Organophosphorous Acute poisoning Chemical warfare Nerve agents Sodium bicarbonate Magnesium sulfate Antioxidants 2006 10 01 9 15 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf