2024-03-29T12:20:04+04:30 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=26&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
26-448 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 A survey on the effect of clonidine in prevention of shivering following general anesthesia Z. Moodi dr_Zahra_moodi@yahoo.com Sh. Borjian Background and Aim: Shivering is an unpleasant complication of General Anesthesia which is seen in 40% of cases. Shivering is a serious complication that increases oxygen consumption to several times and results in increased ventilation, cardiac output, myocardial ischemia, intraocular & intracerebral pressure and intensity of postoperative pain. Preventing this unwanted complication is necessary to reach perfect anesthesia and to decrease its hazards. Materials and Methods: This study was performed as a double-blinded randomized clinical trial on 100 patients demanding eye surgery, aged over 18 years old, having ASA class I and II in Alzahra hospital of Zahedan. The patients were randomly divided into two groups using blocking method: Group A received Clonidine and Group B received placebo. Before anaesthesia, each of the cases and controls received 0.2 mg of clonidine and placebo with 30 ml of plain water, respectively. General anesthesia techniques were the same for both groups. In the recovery room, all the subjects were assessed for shivering and special questionnaires were filled out. The obtained data was analyzed through statistical analysis by SPSS version 13 software, using chi-square test, at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: It was found that only 2% of the cases but 20% of the controls developed shivering the difference was statistically significant (P=0.004). Conclusion: This study revealed that clonidine is effective in preventing post-anesthetic shivering and could be used as a routine preoperative medication. General Anesthesia Clonidine Postoperative shivering 2009 7 01 5 9 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-448-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 Study the anti-inflammatory effect of Rose Bengal in LPS-activated macrophages in dark S.A. Mousavi Sh . Zamani TR Z. Siadat M. Mahmoudi mahmoudim@mums.ac.ir Background and Aim: Rose Bengal is a water-soluble, anionic xanthin dye. It has been used as a safe compound for many years. But, anti-inflammatory effect of Rose Bengal has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Rose Bengal on nitric oxide production and its inflammatory induced response and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in LPS-activated J774A.1 macrophages as an inflammatory model in dark. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, J774A.1 macrophages cell line was purchased from Pasteur’s institute and the cells were treated with different concentrations of Rose Bengal with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in dark. The effect of different concentrations of Rose Bengal on cell viability was studied using MTT assay. Griess reagent was used to determine production of nitric oxide (micromolar) in test and control groups. Western blotting was applied to evaluate the expression of inducible nitric oxide. Data were analyzed at the significant level of P<0.05 using t student-test. Results: MTT assay showed that cell viability of treated macrophages (1, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 300 micromolar) were 99±0.66, 97±1.2, 90±0.88, 88±0.57, 81±0.88, 80±0.57 percent, respectively. The amount of nitrite oxide concentration (micromolar)±SEM by different concentrations of Rose Bengal (1, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 300 micromolar) were 17.1±0.17, 14.3±0.17, 13.1±0.09, 8.9±0.32, 6.1±0.09 and 0 micromolar respectively and 21.4±0.21 in control group. Expression of iNOS was decreased in a dose dependent manner by Rose Bengal. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that Rose Bengal (below 200 micromolar) decreased nitric oxide production and iNOS expression in inflammatory macrophages without significant decreasing in their viability. Besides, its anti-inflammatory effect is mediated by inhibition of iNOS expression. Thus, Rose Bengal could be a new and safe anti-inflammatory agent for in vivo studies. Rose Bengal J774A.1 macrophages Inflammation Nitric oxide Inducible nitric oxide synthase 2009 7 01 10 17 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-449-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 Volumetric changes in the kidney of rats following administration of Methadone and Bupronorphin by Cavalier’s method I. Shahramian HR. Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb histology_iri@yahoo.com Z. Heidari Background and Aim: Methadone and buprenorphine are agonist and partial agonist of opioid receptors respectively. Opiates have side effects on various organs specially kidneys. In this study, effects of buprenorphine and methadone on volumetric changes of male rat kidney were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 15 male Wistar rats each weighing 250±15 gr were selected and randomly were divided into three groups (n=5). The first group received 0.5 mg/kg/day methadone and second group received 30 ng/kg/day buprenorphine, intraperitoneally for 15 days. The third group (control) received normal saline injection. After the last injection, the animals were anaesthetized, and the right kidney removed. Then suprarenal gland and renal capsule were separated and the kidneys were fixed in 7% buffered formalin solution for 72 hours. The specimens were embedded in 3.5% agar and 1mm coronal slices were prepared by means of a tissue slicer. Afterward using Cavalier’s point counting method, the volumes of the kidneys were calculated. Comparison between the groups performed using nonparametric statistical test of Kruskal-Wallis. P<0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: Mean volume of kidney (mm3) in methadone treatment, buprenorphine and control group were 602.4±44.8, 566.4±8.4 and 566.4±16.3, respectively. Comparison of these groups using Kruskal-Wallis statistical test showed that there were not any significant differences in kidney volume between the 3 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Methadone and buprenorphine during this period of time and with this dosage had not any significant effects on volumetric changes of kidney although, relative increase in the volume of kidney in methadone group in comparison to buprenorphine and control groups may reflect primitive pathologic changes of kidney due to this opiate. Methadone Buprenorphine Kidney Stereology Rat 2009 7 01 18 23 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-450-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 Comparison of uric acid concentration and plasma antioxidant capacity in young smokers and non-smokers S.Gh. Mortazavi Moghaddam gmortazavi@yahoo.com A. Zarban Background and Aim: Smokers are exposed to significant quantities of oxidative factors. The effects of smoking on plasma concentrations of antioxidants and susceptibility to oxidative stress in young subjects are largely unknown. This study was done for comparison of uric acid concentration and plasma antioxidant capacity in young smokers and non-smokers. Materials and Methods: In an analytical observational study, a sample of 23 male smoker with history of at least 10 cigarettes per day for 5 years and 21 healthy non smoker male, all aged 40 or under 40 years old, were included voluntarily in the study. All participants were free of major signs and symptoms suggestive of any disease. Fasting blood samples (10 ml) were collected in heparinized tubes just before morning smoking. Plasma samples were isolated and stored at -60°C for later evaluating. In this study, uric acid concentration was measured by an enzymatic method. The main methods for evaluation of oxidative stress were: determination of the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) by Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, Ellman's reagent for measuring the amount of thiol groups, and concentration of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for determination of antiradical activities of plasma. Results: Uric acid concentrations (mg/dL) in smokers and non-smokers was 6.2±1.5 and 4.5±1.7 respectively (P<0.001). Determination of the TAC (µmol/L) level by FRAP assay showed 980.7±214.4 in smokers and 997.4±156.9 in nonsmokers (P=0.75). Quantitative determination of per-oxiradicals by DPPH assay revealed 12.6%±1.4 in smoker and 15.3%±2.2 in nonsmoker (P=0.37). The plasma levels of thiol groups (mmol/L) were 281.1±60.9 in smokers and 256.5±57.8 in non-smokers (P=017). Conclusion: Given the role of cigarette smoking as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and the role played by oxidative stress in them, measurement of uric acid in young smoker subjects represents a marker against tobacco-induced oxidative stress and recommends their timely giving up of smoking. Uric acid Thiol groups Total antioxidant capacity Per-oxyradicals Smokers 2009 7 01 24 30 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-451-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 A comparative study of intravesical, rectal, axillary and oral temperatures following kidney transplantation H. Ahmadnia ahmadniah@mums.ac.ir MJ. Mojahedi M. Khaje Dalooee SR. Ghanbarizadeh Background and Aim: Patients who undergo kidney transplantation take immunosuppressive drugs that make them susceptible to different infections. Since fever is one of prominent symptoms of infection, continuous measurement of temperature is very important. The goal of this research was to find if there is any significant difference between intravesical, oral, rectal and axillary temperatures. Materials and Methods: In this analytical observational study, 20 patients with kidney transplantation who had been admitted in Kidney Transplantation center of Ghaem hospital (Mashhad) were selected. Oral, axillary, and intravesical temperatures were checked every 2 hours and rectal temperature was checked every 12 hours after the day of transplantation and analyzed for a period of 4 days after transplantation, and the readings were noted in a questionnaire. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by means of SPSS software using t-test, Pierson’s correlation and ANOVA, at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: According to ANOVA analysis, there was a significant difference among these four methods of temperature measurement in first four days after surgery (P=0.001). Pierson’s test shows that there was a linear and strong direct correlation between intravesical temperature and the other three methods (Pierson’s figure was +1 or very closes to it). Conclusion: This research shows that despite significant statistical difference between intravesical temperature and the other three methods (oral, axillary and rectal temperature), intravesical temperature can be utilized as an appropriate illustration of body temperature because there is a linear and direct correlation between this and other three methods. Body temperature Axillary Oral Intravesical Rectal 2009 7 01 31 36 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-452-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 Prevalence of salmonella contamination in locally (non-industrially) produced eggs in Birjand (2006) M.H. Namaei mhnamaei@hotmail.com M. Ziaee M. Ghannad Kafi Background and Aim: Salmonella is one of the common bacterial pathogens between man and birds throughout the world. Inconsistent Salmonella contamination following consumption of eggs, as one of the main contributors of the disease has also become an important public health issue. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of Salmonella contamination in locally-produced eggs in Birjand in 2006. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, raw non industrialized eggs in Birjand were evaluated for Salmonella contamination. A total of 500 samples were purchased from retail outlets throughout the city. Both the shells and contents of the eggs were cultured using the standard method. Biochemical tests, Salmonella serotyping and PCR were applied to specify and confirm of Salmonella isolates. Results: The overall finding was that 3 samples (0.6%) were contaminated with Salmonella. In two out of 3 contaminated eggs, salmonella was found on shell only both the shell and content of the other one were contaminated. Conclusion: Prevalence of Salmonella contamination among the barn and free range eggs in Birjand was 0.6%, which is equivalent to approximately 1 in every 165 eggs. This is in accordance with other surveys in Iran (Shiraz, Tehran and Mashhad). Based on the results, to prevent salmonellosis, proper cooking of the eggs is recommended. Salmonella Salmonellosis Gastroenteritis Egg 2009 7 01 37 41 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-453-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 Correlation of estrogen and progesterone receptors with menopausal status in breast cancer patients referred to Omid and Ghaem hospitals F. Homaei-Shandiz H. Saeidi-Saedi hamidsaedi53@yahoo.com N. Sharifi Background and Aim: Growth of breast cancer cells is often affected by the female sex steroids. Determination of the cellular concentrations of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in the tumor is continuously used to predict which patients may benefit from antihormonal therapy. The rate of hormone receptor positivity is related to differentiation and type of tumor tissues, age and menstruation status of the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the immunohistochemical results of ER and PR with clinico-pathologic features especially menstruation status in breast cancer patients in Mashhad. Materials and Methods: In an analytical observational study, during one year, 324 cases of breast cancer were evaluated immunohistochemically for ER & PR in the department of Radiation-Oncology and Pathology of Omid and Ghaem hospitals. The patients’ clinico-pathologic characteristics including age, sex, menstural status, histological type, and grade were obtained from pathological reports and physical examinations. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5, using chi-square at significant level of P<0.05. Results: Out of 324 patients, 170 cases (52.5%) were positive for ER and 161 cases (49.7%) of all tumors reacted positively for PR. From 217 premenupausal patients, 115 cases were estrogen receptor positive (52.9%) and there were 102 patients with negative estrogen receptor (47.1%). Frequency of ER positivity in post-menopausal mammary carcinoma was 47.6% (P=0.232). Also, 53% of all premenopausal and 43.9% of postmenopausal cases were PR positive (P=0.077). In 52.9% of cases, who were below 30 years, ER was positive (P=0.002). Conclusion: In various studies it has been found that ER and PR positive rate in postmenopausal women is more than premenopausal. According to the reversed results in our study, it is better that immunohistochemical methods be re-evaluated in reference laboratories since it seems that the common cause of this discrepancy is the difficulty in fixation and laboratory methods. Breast Cancer ER PR Immunohistochemistry Menstural status 2009 7 01 42 48 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-455-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 Intracranial physiologic calcification in pineal gland and choroid plexus in patients referred to CT scan ward of Imam Reza hospital, Birjand (1998-2006) F. Seilanin Toosi fstoosi@yahoo.com A.R. Ehsanbakhsh Background and Aim: Intracranial physiologic calcification is not accompanied by any evidence of disease and has no demonstrable pathological cause. It is often due to calcium deposition in the blood vessels of different structures of the brain. Computed tomography (CT) is the most sensitive means of detection of for this calcification. The aim of this study was the assessment of the intracranial physiologic calcification in the pineal gland and choroid plexus. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, the subjects under study were 412 patients (aged 1-98 yrs) that had undergone CT examination in Imam Reza hospital, Birjand University of medical science. Pineal gland and choroid plexus were evaluated for calcification. Data were analyzed by SPSS (11) at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: Among the 412 cases, the incidence of pineal gland calcification was 62.62% and choroid plexus 63.34%. But, before the age of 45, the incidence of pineal gland calcification was more than that of choroid plexus. The frequency of pineal gland and choroid plexus calcification also increase with age. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, before the age of 45, incidence of physiologic intracranial calcification of the pineal gland was more than that of choroid plexus, but the whole incidence of the calcification was slighter in choroid plexus than in the pineal gland (1%). Prevalence of intracranial calcification in the pineal gland and choroid plexus can be critical in differentiating pathologic calcification from the physiologic one, particularly with respect to the age of patients. Pineal gland Choroids plexus Physiologic calcification CT scan Calcium 2009 7 01 49 53 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-456-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase concentration of tuberculous and non-tuberculous meningitis A.A. Niazi B. Narouie b_narouie@yahoo.com A. Moghtaderi R. Alavi Naeini S. Yaghobi A.S. Sheikhzadeh M. Shahriar Background and Aim: Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis is difficult because of its non-specific clinical presentations which may be confused with other disorders of central nervous system. The initiation of anti-TB medication can often be delayed because of lack of available laboratory tests. This study was aimed at evaluating the adenosine deaminase (ADA) concentration in differentiating tuberculous meningitis from non-tuberculous meningitis to determine the cut-off point of ADA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of tuberculous meningitis patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 42 meningitic patients (21 patients with tuberculous meningitis and 21 with non-tuberculous meningitis) admitted to Boali, Khatam al anbia and Ali ebne Abitaleb hospitals in Zahedan between 2006 and 2007 were selected. From each patient 5 ml of CSF was taken and sent to laboratory to analyze ADA concentration, cells, blood sugar, protein, smear and culturing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ADA concentration of CSF in TB meningitic patients was compared with that of non-TB meningitis patients. By using receiver operator characteristics curve (ROC), the optimal Cut-off point for tuberculous meningitis was determined. Results: Out of 21 patients with TB meningitis, 17 (81%) were males and 4 (19%) females and out of 21 patients with non-TB meningitis 14 (66%) were males and 7 (34%) were females. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.0001) between mean of ADA levels in CSF among the TB and non-TB meningitic patients. The cut off value for the diagnosing of TB meningitis was 10.5 U/L with a sensitivity of 80.95% and specificity of 85.71%. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that ADA concentration in the CSF of TB meningitis patients, using a cut off value 10.5 U/L, can be useful in diagnosing of TB meningitis in Sistan and Balochestan province. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Adenosine deaminase (ADA) Tuberculous meningitis Non tuberculous meningitis 2009 7 01 54 60 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-457-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 Consumption amount of milk and dairy products in school children of 6-11 year olds in Birjand during 2007 F. Kaheni S. Kaheni sima_kaheni@yahoo.com GR. Sharifzadeh A. Nasiri Foorg M. Avan Background and Aim: Milk and dairy products are the primary sources of calcium and are the second largest source of saturated fats. Milk and dairy milk products consumption in our country is much lower than world standards. In this research, the amount of milk and dairy products consumption by primary school children, were studied in Birjand during 2007. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 1771 school age children (6-11 yrs) were selected through multi-cluster sampling. Data collection was done by means of a questionnaire inquiring demographic information, growth condition, height and weight, kind and quantity of milk and dairy products used and health condition of bones, joints and teeth. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software using χ2 and Pearson's correlation, at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: It was found that consumption of milk and dairy products was lower among school-age children in comparison with world standards (500ml daily). There was a significant statistical relationship between the usage of milk with child sex (P=0.002) and mother's job (P=0.03). Boys and Children, whose mothers were employed, showed more interest in milk consumption. There was a significant statistical relationship between daily use of milk (P=0.001), yogurt (P=0.001) and cheese (P=0.001) with sex. Besides, there was a significant relationship between the use of yogurt and number of extracted teeth and dental caries (P= 0.05). Children who used more yogurts had fewer extractions and less dental caries. There wasn't a significant statistical relationship between use of milk and dairy products with arthralgia and bone pains. Conclusion: Milk and dairy products consumption in primary school children of Birjand is lower than the world standard. Low milk consumption by children will lead to calcium deficiency problems. This might be associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis in later life. Milk Milk derivatives Child School-age 2009 7 01 61 67 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-458-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 Study of hygienic status of schools in Birjand during year 2007-2008 T. Shahriari M. Moodi mitra_m2561@yahoo.com M. Hajiani Z. Shahriari Background and Aim: School, as a reliable place in educating students, has an important role in training. If health principles are not observed in schools, students will be prone to different kinds of health problems. Thus, this study was done in order to determine hygienic status of schools in Birjand. Materials and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive and cross-sectional study 287 schools were surveyed using census methodology. For data collection, the assessment form of the Health Instruction Guide for Schools' Environment, which is based on the environmental standard of the Ministry of Health, was used. The forms were filled out by trained adepts. Finally, the obtained data was statistically analyzed by means of SPSS software using chi-square statistical test at the significant level α=0.05. Results: The hygienic statues of schools were unfavorable in buffets (86.8%), water supplying (74.5%), site and building of schools (48.8%), security and ergonomics (31.3%) and favorable in classrooms and hallways (88.8%), solid wastes disposal (72.8%), water fountains (65.9%), restrooms (62.4%), sewage disposal (60.6%) and washbasins (59.9%). Chi-Square statistical test showed a significant difference between site and building of schools, solid wastes disposal, sewage disposal, water fountains, washbasins and security and ergonomics of schools with type of schools (P<0.001). The analysis also showed a significant difference between the health status of site and building, sewage disposal (P<0.001), water fountains (P=0.001), restrooms (P=0.007), and security and ergonomics (P=0.03) in terms of educational stage. Conclusion: Most schools had a pleasant situation or a relatively acceptable regarding the Health Instruction Guide for Schools' Environment. This requires more attention of the authorities to the necessity of improvement and promotion of the hygienic status of schools. Environmental Health Schools Birjand 2009 7 01 68 75 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-459-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 A report of a body packer and successful treatment of him H. Hassanian Moghaddam hassanian@sbmu.ac.ir M. Babaee Au unknown 55 years old man with loss of consciousness, bradypnea, cyanosis and miotic pupil was referred to hospital from a bus terminal. Neurological examination revealed no lateralized sign and acrocyanosis was positive. A short time after administration of hypertonic glucose and naloxone, he had seizure, hypotension and apnea, therefore, he underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation. Primary laboratory examinations revealed respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia. After brain CT scanning and other lab tests, he received naloxone again and showed more consciousness. Since the man was on suspicion of body packing, plain abdomen X-ray was done and the existence of several packs was confirmed. Treatment by polyethylene glycol 2 lit/h and naloxone and serial activated charcoal started and finally, the patient excreted the packets and was then discharged with good condition. Body packer Opium Intoxication 2009 7 01 76 80 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-460-en.pdf
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Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences J Birjand Univ Med Sci 1607-2197 2423-6152 2009 16 2 2009 7 01 81 87 http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-461-en.pdf