@article{ author = {Mansouri, SMT and Shafiee-Nick, R and Naghizadeh, B and Parsaee, H}, title = {Evaluation of the effects of new synthetic methylquinolinone derivatives on glucose-induced insulin secretion from rats\' isolated Langerhans islets}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Selective PDE3 inhibitors, via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation increase cardiac contraction and augment glucose-induced insulin secretion. In this study, the effects of some synthetic methylquinolinone derivatives (MC1-MC10) on glucose-induced insulin secretion in rats' isolated Langerhans islets model were investigated.   Materials and Methods: After the digestion of isolated pancreas using collagenase-IV, the isolated islets were collected manually under a stereomicroscope and were incubated in carboxyl buffer having 3mM glucose for 30 minutes. Then, they were incubated at 37°C presented to basal (3mM) and stimulatory (10mM) dose of glucose with or without different methylquinolinone derivatives and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (as standard) in 100µM concentration. After 60 minutes of incubation, the secreted insulin was measured using a radioimmunoassay method.   Results: Glucose significantly increased insulin release with 10mM concentration in comparison with 3mM concentration (P<0.01). IBMX (100µM) significantly augmented glucose-induced insulin secretion (P<0.01). However, among the investigated ten compounds only MC7 and MC9 significantly increased glucose-induced insulin secretion (P<0.01) which was comparable with IBMX.   Conclusion: In spite of having similar structure, the effect of the test compounds (MC1-MC10) on insulin secretion varied widely which may be due to their tissue-specific effects. Finally, it is hoped that the ligands will probably be used in the treatment of diabetes in the future.}, Keywords = {PDE3 inhibitor, 4-Methylquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives (MC1-MC10), Insulin secretion, Isolated Langerhans islets, Rat}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-585-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-585-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Divband, Kh. and Komeili, Gh.R. and Saeidi-Neek, F.}, title = {Effects of Walnut leaves aqueous extract on blood sugar and serum lipids in diabetic rats}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a disease which has affected about 3 million people in Iran. For many years, the use of Phytotherapy in medicine has been common. In the present study, the effects of aqueous extract of Walnut leaves on blood glucose and serum lipids in diabetic rats were investigated.   Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult male Wister rats (200-230g in weight) were chosen and randomly divided into three groups (experimental, diabetic control and healthy control). Diabetes was induced through the injection of stereptozotocin (60 mg/kg, IP) into the experimental case and diabetic control. Then, the experimental group received aqueous extract of Walnut leaves (400 mg/kg, PO) for four weeks. Finally, blood samples were taken and tested for glucose and lipids levels and the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C in the serum was measured.   Results: Administration of aqueous extract of Walnut leaves extract caused a significant decrease in glucose (P=0.009), cholesterol (P=0.045), LDL-C (P=0.022), triglyceride (P=0.047) and a significant increase in HDL-C levels (P=0.045) in diabetic rats. Also, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (P=0.035) and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio (P=0.006) in the treatment group significantly decreased compared with the control diabetic group.   Conclusion: Although it was found that aqueous extract of Walnut leaves has significant effects on decreasing blood glucose and lipids in diabetic rats, further work is necessary to elucidate the extent and mechanism of these changes.}, Keywords = {Diabetes, Walnut Leaf, aqueous extract, glucose, lipid, rat}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-18}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-589-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-589-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Zand, S. and Rezaie, K. and Koohestani, H.}, title = {Effect of blood sampling via saline lock on the validity of coagulation tests results}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: In cases under heparin therapy, frequent blood samples must be taken for coagulation tests. Therefore, samples from saline lock can be a useful means to decrease the pain of taking frequent blood samples. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of this method on the validity of coagulation tests results.   Materials and Methods: In this case-control study a convenience sample of 63 cardiac patients participated. The blood sample taken from saline lock was accounted as the case and that taken from the opposite arm was the control sample. In order to obtain blood from saline lock, a tourniquet was applied proximal to the saline lock devices, after the first 0.5 ml of blood withdrawn was discarded and the next 5 ml blood sample was gathered for coagulation tests analyses. Simultaneously, a venipuncture 5 ml sample drawn from the opposite arm was taken as the control. Both blood samples were analyzed for coagulation tests. Results were analyzed by means of SPSS version 11.5 and paired T-test.   Results: Among the cases under study 53.96% were men. The most common reason of admission was unstable angina (46.03%). There were no significant differences in mean coagulation values in the blood samples obtained through venipunctures and those drawn from saline locks (P>0.05).   Conclusion: According to the results of this study, vein saline lock catheter sampling is a reliable and proper method for coagulation tests and can be a good alternative method in those patients who need repeated blood sampling.}, Keywords = {Coagulation tests, Heart disease patients, Venipuncture, Saline lock}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-25}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-591-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-591-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Narouie, B and HeiraniMoghaddam, H and Jahantigh, M and Khazaee, AR and GhasemiRad, M and Shikhzadeh, AS}, title = {Comparison between diagnostic results of cytology and frozen section with intraoperative histopathology}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Frozen section is a common intraoperative practice with the aim of determining the lesion as benign or malignant. The aim of this study was the comparison between diagnostic results of cytology and frozen section with intraoperative histopathology in Zahedan Ali Ebne Abitaleb hospital between 2007 and 2008.   Materials and Methods: In this prospective and analytical study the diagnostic value of intraoperative cytology and frozen section was applied to 100 consecutive biopsies. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were used as statistical tools for comparison, using routine histopathological examination as the gold standard. We used kappa and chi-square tests for statistical analysis using SPSS 14 software. P<0.05 was taken as the significant level.   Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in intraoperative cytology were 70.5%, 93.75%, 92.3% and 75% respectively and for frozen section these were 58.8%, 100% , 100% and 69.6% respectively. There was a significant statistical agreement between these two methods (P=0.001).   Conclusion: The obtained data confirms the value of intraoperative cytology in the diagnosis of all mass lesions. This method can also be used as an alternative technique to frozen section in cases where there are no technical requisites or where the specimen is tiny and unfreezable.}, Keywords = {Intraoperative cytology, Frozen section, Body mass lesions, Intraoperative diagnosis}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {26-32}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-588-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-588-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Shahriari, T. and Azizi, M. and Sharifzadeh, Gh.R. and Hajiani, M. and Zeraatkar, V. and Aliabadi, R.}, title = {Evaluation of fluorine concentration in drinking-water sources in South Khorasan (2008-2009)}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: There are some traces of fluorine in people's diet and drinking water is its most important means of absorption. The standard 1053 of Iran Standard Institute and Industrial Research recommends the amount of fluorine in water between 0.6 and 1.7 mg/L, depending on temperature. This study was done to determine the amount of fluorine in drinking-water sources of the South Khorasan.   Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study, different samples of drinking water taken from the water sources in cities and villages of the South Khorasan during one year were analyzed by means of a Spectrophotometr set in a laboratory. The obtained data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software (version 11) at the significant level α=0.05   Results: Out of 314 samples, 46.8% were from urban areas and 53.2 % from rural areas. Mean fluorine concentration in the drinking water of the South Khorasan was 0.5208 ± 0.24 mg/L , but mean fluorine in the drinking water of urban areas was 0.4482 ± 0.15 mg/L and that of rural areas 0.5847 ± 0.27 mg/L. Thus, there was a significant difference between the amount of fluorine in cities and villages (P<0.001). Regarding the kinds of the sources, water-wells with 0.5519 ± 0.23 mg/L had the most amount of fluorine and fountains with 0.3333 ± 0.22 mg/L had the least amount. Birjand city with the average of 0.4790 ± 0.24 mg/L had the least amount of fluorine and Qayen with 0.5958 ± 0.21 mg/L had the most amount of fluorine.   Conclusion: The amount of fluorine in all water sources of South Khorasan is lower than the recommended minimum value, so it is an urgent necessity to try to solve the problem.}, Keywords = {Fluorine, Drinking water, South Khorasan}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-41}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-590-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-590-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Sharifzadeh, Gh.R. and Moodi, M. and Zendehdel, A.}, title = {Study of health education effect on knowledge and attitude of high school female students regarding AIDS in Birjand during 2007}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Regarding the decisive role of the youth in spreading the risk of infecting with AIDS, the only means of controlling the disease is education and increasing knowledge. ‏ Thus, the present study was planned with the aim of assessing the effect of an educational program on knowledge and attitude of high school female students regarding AIDS in Birjand.   Materials and Methods: This pre-post quasi-experimental study was done on 295 high school female students in Birjand. The method used was multiple-stage randomized sampling. A self-designed questionnaire on the basis of the goals of the study, whose content reliability had been approved by a number of efficient academic members was used. The mentioned questionnaires were filled out before educational intervention, and one month later. The obtained data was analyze by SPSS software at the significant level of α=0.05.   Results: The students' mean knowledge grade increased from 30.2±8.2 to 36.8±6.4 (P<0.001) and their mean attitude grade from 53.1±6.5 to 57.2±6.8 (P<0.001) after education. Before intervention 20% of the students had weak knowledge, 42% had average knowledge, and 38% of them had good knowledge but after intervention these percentages changed to 3.4% (weak), 22.4% (average), and 74.2% (good) respectively. Before intervention 1.4% of the students had weak attitude, 85.8% average attitude, and only 12.8% had good attitude. These percentages changed to 0.7%, 65.1%, and 34.2% after intervention respectively.   Conclusion: Since the effect of education on the promotion of students’ knowledge and attitude has been approved, implementing health education programs in schools must be taken into consideration as an educational priority on the part of health and education authorities throughout the country.}, Keywords = {Education, Effect, AIDS, Knowledge, Attitude, Female students}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {42-49}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-593-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-593-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Hatefnia, E and Niknami, SH and Mahmudi, M and Lamyian, M}, title = {The Effects of “Theory of Planned Behavior” based education on the promotion of mammography performance in employed women}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy and major cause of death in women worldwide. Mammography is considered the most exact means to detect breast cancer in the earlier stage, which can reduce mortality of the disease. The current study aimed at evaluating the effects of an education program using the Theory of Planned Behavior on promoting mammography performance among employed women aged 35 years and over.   Materials and Methods: This survey was a quasi-experimental study which evaluated the effectiveness of an education program to promote attitudinal factors associated with early detection of breast cancer in 220 women aged 35 years and over, who were working in Tehran pharmaceutical factories. Means of data collection was a questionnaire. The obtained data was analyzed by mean of SPSS statistical software (version 11.5) using non-parametrical tests (Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney, McNemar’s, Wilcoxon) and P<0.05 was taken as the significant level.   Results: It was found that the mean score of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, intention and behavior in women regarding mammography in the case group significantly increased and the observed difference in the control group was not significant.   Conclusion: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior has an acceptable influence on promoting mammography behavior. It is, therefore, recommended that education programs apply the theory to promote mammography behavior (in women).}, Keywords = {breast cancer, mammography, Theory of Planned Behavior, employed women's education}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {50-58}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-560-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-560-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Afshari, R. and HabibiyanNejad, Z. and Shafiei, S. and Sayyahnejezhad, M. and Dadras-Moghaddam, D. and Balali-Mood, M.}, title = {A Botulism outbreak following a wedding in a suburban area of Mashhad, 2006}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Botulism is an uncommon disease which induces symmetrical cranial nerve palsies followed by descending, symmetric flaccid paralysis of voluntary muscles, which may end in respiratory failure and death. In September 2006, following a wedding ceremony, which was held at a distance of 80 km southeast of Mashhad, a group of guests used a wide variety of home-made canned food.   Materials and Methods: All symptoms and signs of the patients referred to Toxicology Outpatient Clinic and Toxicology Ward of Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital were recorded as a daily routine from September 17th to October 3rd, 2006. Diagnosis was made with regard to exposure, clinical findings and response to antidotes.   Results: Mean age of 23 patients with botulism was 39.5 ± 17 yrs the youngest case was 14 years old and the oldest was 60. On admission, vital sings of the cases were normal. All patients, but one (due to hypersensitivity), received antidote and all patients recovered.   Conclusion: The frequency of symptoms is different in various outbreaks. The results of this study can be used for differentiation of clinical findings and surveillance within local health systems.}, Keywords = {Botulism, Paralysis, Food poisoning}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {59-65}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-592-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-592-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Raisolsadat, MA and Tabrizian, F and Yaghoubi, MA}, title = {Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis associated with annular pancreas Resistance to prenatal gastric emptying as an etiological factor in Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis}, abstract ={  The etiology of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is still unclear. The case under study was a 28 day old boy apparently with Down syndrome who had been suffering from projectile vomiting for three days before admission without any defecation during this period. In physical examination, abdominal distention was observable but there was not a remarkable olive sign. Ultra-sonographic findings showed that pyloric channel length and muscle thickness were 28 mm and 4 mm respectively. For further evaluation, upper gastrointestinal radiography was done, which proved that there was a relative obstruction. Despite supportive treatment and complete resuscitation, vomiting did not stop. Since there was the clinical suspicion that the patient's problem was HPS, an operation was performed on him .In the operation it was found that annular pancreas coexisted with HPS. Pyloromyotomy Fredet-Ramstedt and pancreas bands release were performed. Three days after the surgery and following resuming oral feeding, the neonate was discharged in a good general condition. Occurrence of annular pancreas with HPS in the patient can suggest the existence of prenatal resistance to gastric emptying, as an etiologic factor in HPS. However, further study is needed to approve this hypothesis.}, Keywords = {Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Pyloromyotomy fredet-ramstedt, annular pancreas}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {66-71}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-561-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-561-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Movahed, F and Jalali, S and Javadi, A}, title = {Comparison of two regimes in administration of vaginal misoprostol(every 6 hours vs every 12 hours) for second trimester pregnancy termination}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Progress in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and early diagnosis of maternal life threatening diseases has resulted in an increased number of second trimester pregnancy terminations. The present study aimed at comparing the therapeutic effects of two different regimens of vaginal misoprostol administration (i.e. every 6 hours vs every 12 hours) on the 2nd trimester pregnancy termination. ‏   Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 140 women with14-28 weeks of gestation who had volunteered to undergo termination of pregnancy for various indications, were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. The first group received 400µg vaginal misoprostol every 6 hours and the second one every 12 hours. If expulsion of fetus did not occur within 48 hours, high dose of oxytocin was administered. Induction-abortion interval, mean dose of misoprostol, high dose oxytocin administration need and side-effects in the two groups were recorded. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 12) at the significant level P<0.05.   Results: There was no significant difference in the mean induction-abortion interval between the two groups. ‏ Average dose of misoprostol was higher (P<0.001) in the 6-hour group (1600±761 µg) compared to the 12-hour group (1200±385µg). There was not any need for administration of high dose of oxytocin in either of the groups. Incidence of fever was slightly higher in the 6- hour group, which was not statistically significant.   Conclusion: For termination of second trimester pregnancy, administration of 400µg vaginal misoprostol every 12 hours can be as useful as every 6 hour administration of the drug.}, Keywords = {Misoprostol, Pregnancy termination, Second trimester}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {72-78}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-612-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-612-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Kordi, M. and Bakhshi, M. and Tara, F. and Mokhber, N. and EbrahimZade, S.}, title = {The effect of midwife’s supportive care during labor on exclusive breastfeeding in primipara women}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Although some studies have shown that supportive care during labor improves mother's prognosis in relation to infant, no sufficient scientific information have been reported. Thus, the present study was carried out aiming at determining the effect of midwife’s supportive care during labor on exclusive breastfeeding in primipara women in Ommolbanin hospital in Mashhad.   Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 80 primipara women with the gestational age of 38-42 weeks, a single live fetus with cephalic presentation, intact membranes and cervical dilatation of 3-4 cms, no history of complications during pregnancy, and no evidence of cephalopelvic disproportion or fetal distress were randomly divided into two groups namely a supportive care group (receiving supportive care) and a usual care group. All mothers recorded the daily frequency of their infants’ breast feeding from birth until six weeks later in a check-list. Means of data collection were interview, examination and measuring, checklist, visual analogue scale, Speilberger anxiety scale, and breastfeeding experience scale. The obtained data was analyzed using t test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square and Fisher exact tests.   Results: The frequency of exclusive breastfeeding in the fourth and in the sixth week after birth in the supportive care group was significantly higher than its frequency in the usual care group (P= 0.023 and 0.017, respectively).   Conclusion: A midwife’s supportive care has a positive influence on breastfeeding. Therefore, supportive care is recommended as a strategy to promote exclusive breastfeeding and keeping health of the infant.}, Keywords = {Breastfeeding, Labor, Postnatal care, Social support}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-86}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-632-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-632-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Masoodi, R. and Alhani, F. and Moghadassi, J. and Ghorbani, M.}, title = {The effect of family-centered empowerment model on skill, attitude , and knowledge of multiple sclerosis caregivers}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Caring for patients with multiple sclerosis brings about a lot of tension for the care-givers and the family. Implementation of an empowerment program leads to self-control and preventive behaviors. This study aimed at determining the effects of a family-centered empowerment model on knowledge, attitude and skill of care givers of multiple sclerotic patients.   Materials and Methods: This clinical-trial study was done on 70 care givers of multiple sclerotic patients who were divided into case and control groups. Family-centered empowerment model was applied for three months and then the questionnaires regarding skill, attitude, and knowledge of the participants were collected. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 11.5) and dedicational statistical tests at the significant level of P<0.05.   Results: Independent T-test revealed that there was no significant difference in the mean knowledge, attitude, and skill scores in the case and control groups before intervention (P>0.05) whereas the difference was significant three months after intervention (P=0.001). Besides, mean knowledge, attitude and skill scores of the caregivers in the case group significantly increased three months after intervention (P=0.001), but there was no significant difference in the mentioned factors in the care-givers of control group after three months (P>0.05).   Conclusion: Empowerment of caregivers for patients with multiple sclerosis promotes their knowledge, attitude and skills leading to more efficient care for these patients. Planning and implementing more effective programs for those caring for chronic diseases is recommended.}, Keywords = {Family-centered empowerment model, Knowledge, Attitude, Skill, Caregivers, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {87-97}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-659-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-659-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Hosseinzade, MJ. and Jalali, M. and Nabavizade, F. and Eshraghian, MR. and Siasi, F. and Purghaderi, M.}, title = {The effect of energy restriction on biomarkers of aging and inflammation in rats}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Excessive energy intake and subsequent obesity increase the incidence of chronic diseases and decrease life expectancy. Energy restriction, while considering adequate nutrient intake, decreases the risk of developing chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of energy restriction on biomarkers of longevity and inflammation in rats.   Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 50 male wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups for 11 weeks: control (ad libitum diet), and energy restriction (40% energy restriction of baseline energy requirements). Weight, BMI, body temperature, and level of glucose, insulin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 in serum were measured at the end of the study. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS (version 11.5) and independent t-test, at the significant level P<0.05.   Results: Energy restriction decreased weight (P=0.001), BMI (P=0.001), body temperature (P=0.001), and also the serum level of glucose (P=0.035), insulin (P=0.021), IL-6 (P=0.045) and leptin (P=0.001) significantly, but no significant change happened in TNF-α (P=0.3).   Conclusion: Two biomarkers of longevity (fasting insulin level and body temperature) decreased due to energy restriction, which may be a sign of metabolic rate reduction. Moreover, efficacy of energy restriction in the reduction of inflammation biomarker (IL-6) indicates that ER can attenuate inflammatory process, which is a common risk factor for many chronic diseases.}, Keywords = {Energy restriction, Aging, Inflammation, Rat}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {98-106}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-681-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-681-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Abolhasannejad, V. and Salehizadeh, M. and GhotbiRavandi, M. and Mehrbani, M. and Sabetjahromi, M. and Nakhe'eeAmroudi, N.}, title = {Evaluating the solubility of metal ions in cement dust within lung alveoli through in-vitro method}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Breathing exposure to cement dust containing an amount of heavy metal compounds has many different local and systemic effects. The aim of the present study was to survey the extent of cement factory workers' pulmonary exposure to metal ions (Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium and Nickel).   Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional research, environmental sampling of the factory's packing section was performed to monitor metal ions in the air and fluid in a condition similar to that of the lungs. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 11.5) at the significant level of P<0.05.   Results: Comparing mean concentration of the studied metals with their maximum threshold level showed that it was less than the level (P<0.05). Maximum metal ion concentration in the air was that of Chromium (1.75 µg/m3) and the minimum concentration belonged to Cadmium (0.01 µg/m3). The level of metal ions of Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium and Nickel in the floating particulates of the packing section was 0.74±0.41, 9.31±3.38, 81.96±53.35, 32.5±27.83 and the amount of the extracted metals with the simulated alveoli fluid from the samples of the air in the packing section of the factory in the in-vitro were 0.006±0.002, 0.02±0.009, 0.53±0.12, and 0.14±0.03 µg/g of the collected air dust, respectively. The result of Spearman's correlation coefficient test showed that the relationship between meal ions concentration in the air and the amount of simulated liquid was not statistically significant (P>0.05).   Conclusion: Although there was not any significant relationship between the amount of metal ions in the air and the simulated fluid, it is essential to investigate these exposures because of the high percentage of Cadmium solubility under simulated lung alveoli conditions.}, Keywords = {Cement dust, Heavy metals, Pulmonary exposure, Bioavailability, In-vitro}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {107-117}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-625-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-625-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Afshar, M. and HasanzadehTaheri, M.M. and Ryasi, H.R. and Naseri, M.}, title = {Evaluation of faculty members by students with different educational development}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: University teachers are among the main pillars of higher educational system and their evaluation is constantly done through different ways including students' evaluation. While some teachers are opposed to evaluation by weak students, the present study was designed and carried out in Birjand University of Medical Sciences to determine the relationship between teachers' evaluation scores and students with different educational development.   Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional, descriptive and analytical study, which was performed at Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2007, sixty-three faculty members were selected conducting a poll, and 2700 questionnaires were filled in by all medical students. The means of data collection were the questionnaires whose validity and reliability had been confirmed by the university's Education Development Center. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.5) at the significant level P<0.05.   Results: Mean evaluation scores by advanced, average and weak students were 55.59±11.46, 55.70±12.49, and 55.51±12.23 respectively (P=0.96). In surveying different aspects which were evaluated there was a significant difference between advanced students and weak ones regarding teachers' dignity score (P=0.03).   Conclusion: Regarding that a significant difference between faculty members' evaluation scores and students with different educational development levels was not observed, it seems that educational development of students has no effect on their evaluation and, therefore, this variable can not be considered as favoritism in the evaluation of teachers. The difference observed in the domain of professorial dignity can emphasize the necessity of better judgment on the part of professors in their dealing with students.}, Keywords = {Faculty member, Student, Evaluation, Educational development}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {118-126}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-621-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-621-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mahmoudirad, Gh. and Ahmadi, F. and Vanaki, Z. and Hajizadeh, E.}, title = {The effect of “Expectation based managerial competency acquisition in nursing model” on nursing staff empowerment and efficacy of leadership style}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Providing an appropriate clinical situation to utilize nurses' efficiency and realizing their potential talents demands the application of managerial skills and the effectiveness of leadership in nursing, though this application is rarely evident. The present study, therefore aimed at determining the effect of “Expectation based managerial competency acquisition in nursing model” on nursing staff empowerment and efficacy of leadership style. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study, with staggering control groups is part of an eclectic research. In this study, 43 nurses and 13 nurse managers in EmamReza Hospital (the control group) and 47 nurses and 29 nurse managers in Valiaser Hospital of Birjand (the intervention group) were evaluated. Spritzer and LEADs questionnaires were used for data collection. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 16), and statistical tests including independent T, paired T, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis and X2 at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: It was found that there was a significant difference in the mean score of nursing empowerment in the nurses intervention group (P<0.001) but there was no significant difference in the level of empowerment in this group (P=0.146). Moreover, a significant difference in the mean score of efficacy of leadership style in the nurse managers intervention group was seen after the intervention (P=0.046). Conclusion: Expectation based managerial competency acquisition in nursing model has been able to promote the efficacy of leadership style and nursing management skills and competencies in a way that it would be comprehended by nurses and would affect their capacity.}, Keywords = {Competency, Nursing management, Empowerment, Efficacy of leadership style}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {127-135}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, S.R. and Taghaddosinejad, F. and Talaee, H. and Zare, Gh.A. and Sadeghi, M. and Rajaee, P. and Balali-Mood, M.}, title = {Clinical and laboratory evaluation of rhabdomyolysis in 165 patients with severe acute poisonings}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical and biochemical syndrome that results from acute poisonings. The present study aimed to investigate clinical and biochemical characteristics of rhabdomyolysis in patients with severe acute poisonings.   Materials and Methods: Out of 450 patients with severe acute poisonings who admitted in the Toxicology Intensive Care Unit of Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran between April and September 2006, 165 subjects with serum creatine kinase at least five fold of normal range (≤975 IU/L) after disproving any other causes, were enrolled in this sectional study. Poisoning diagnosis was based on the history of toxins usage and clinical findings. The toxins usages were approved by the appropriate toxicological tests. Demographic data, clinical findings and laboratory studies were recorded for all patients. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 11.5) at the significant level of P<0.05.   Results: Frequency of rhabdomyolysis in the poisoned patients was 36.6%. The most common intoxications inducing rhabdomyolysis were opium (28%), tricyclic antidepressant drugs (14%) and benzodiazepines (14%). Acute renal failure was diagnosed in 23 (15%) patients. There was a linear correlation between serum creatine kinase and serum creatinine (P<0.05).   Conclusion: Patients with severe acute poisoning are at risk of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure is its ‏ main coincident complication.}, Keywords = {Rhabdomyolysis, Acute poisoning, Creatine kinase, Acute renal failure}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {136-142}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-631-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-631-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Shirzaii, M.}, title = {The relationship between the fluride in drinking-water and prevalence of fluorosis and dental caries}, abstract ={No Abstract is Available}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {143-144}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-613-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-613-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Kooshki, A and Taleban, FA and Tabibi, H}, title = {Effects of ω3 fatty acid supplement on anemia and hematologic factors in hemodialysis patients*}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Anemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialyzed patients. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of ω3 fatty acid supplement on anemia and hematologic factors in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: The study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial on 34 hemodialysis patients. The patients in the ω3 fatty acid supplement group received 2080 mg ω3 fatty acid daily for 10 weeks, while the placebo group received placebo for the same period. At baseline and the end of 10th week of the study, blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, MCV, MCH, MCHC and serum CRP were measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using chi-square, t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA. Results: The mean age and duration of dialysis were 50 ± 18 years and 23 ± 25 months in the ω3 fatty acid group and 50 ± 17 years and 28 ± 18 months in the placebo group, respectively. During this study, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in mean changes of blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, MCV, MCH, MCHC and serum CRP. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that ω3 fatty acid supplement has no effect on hematologic factors and anemia in hemodialysis patient.}, Keywords = {ω3 fatty acid, Hemodialysis, Hematologic factors, Anemia.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {149-158}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-738-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-738-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Foroud, A and Foroud, A and Mehdipour, S}, title = {The effects of electro-acupuncture in postmenopausal women with hot flashes*}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Hot flashes are the commonest complaint of postmenopausal women. Because of the side effects of hormone therapy, alternatives treatment methods, such as acupuncture, are used to control hot flashes. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of electro-acupuncture on hot flashes in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 41 postmenopausal women with hot flashes were divided to experimental and control groups. For experimental group, the electro-acupuncture was carried out but in control group, needles taped to the skin in the same of acupoint and did not pass any electricity. The treatment period was 10 weeks then patients were followed up for 3 months after the last treatment. Number of hot flashes was registered daily during 10 weeks and 3 months after the last treatment. The severity hot flashes were measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) after 2, 6 and 10 weeks of treatment and 3 months follow-up. Hormone levels (E2 and FSH) were measured at the end of treatment and 3 months after the last treatment. Then chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis. Results: A significant difference was found in severity and number of hot flashes (except 2nd week) between two groups (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in the mean levels of FSH and E2 between groups at the end of treatment and 3 months after the last treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that electro-acupunture is a suitable method of treatment for relief of hot flashes in postmenopausal women.}, Keywords = {Electro- acupuncture, Menopause, Hot flashes}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {159-169}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-739-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-739-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Shamsi, M and Sharifirad, GH and Kachoue, A and Hassanzadeh, A}, title = {The effect of walking educational program on knowledge, attitude, performance, and blood sugar in women with type II diabetes}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Physical activity is considered to be effective in prevention and modification of diabetes mellitus. This research aimed at identifying the effects of an educational program of walking training on outlook knowledge, attitude and performance of women with diabetes type II. Materials and Methods: In this intervention and quasi-experimental study, 88 women suffering from diabetes type II were enrolled. The tools for gathering data were a questionnaire and checklist completed via interview before and 3 months after training interference. Finally, data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and paired t-test. Results: Before interfering, the mean score of knowledge and view in each two groups, case and control, was in average level and mean performance score regarding correct walking was less than average. After interference and 3 months of perseverance, the mean score of a wariness, view, and performance regarding the correct way of walking increased (P < 0.05) also the minutes spent on hiking with average and heavy extents in the case group increased significantly (P < 0.05) average blood sugar level before breakfast and glycoside hemoglobin was significantly reduced too (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The finding of this study show the importance of walking training toward increasing of knowledge, outlook, and correct performance concerning walking and better control of blood sugar of women suffering from diabetes type II. We recommend regular walking in these patients.}, Keywords = {Knowledge, Attitude, Performance, Walking, Educating. Diabetes type II.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {170-179}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-740-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-740-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Haghir, H and Gorji, A and Hami, J}, title = {Effects of Pimpinella Anisum on spreading depression in rat neocortical tissue}, abstract ={Background and Aim: It is believed that cortical spreading depression (CSD) is underlying mechanism of aura and subsequent pain in migraine. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Pimpinella Anisum on CSD specifications in rat neocortical slices.  Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, CSD was induced in rat somatosensory cortical slices using two methods. At the first method, after KCl microinjection, the slices were washed out for 60 minutes with Pimpinella Anisum oil extract in different concentrations (0.01-50 μM/L). At the second method, slices were washed at artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) with low concentration of NaCl. Then, slices were washed with 50 μM/L Pimpinella Anisum oil extract for 60 minutes. In both methods, control cortical slices were washed in low alcohol containing CSF. Using extracellular potentials recording, the frequency, amplitude, duration, and propagation velocity of CSD was measured. All data were statistically analyzed.  Results: In KCl induced CSF model, the amplitude (P < 0.001) and duration (P < 0.02) of CSD was significantly decreased after superfusion of Pimpinella Anisum at higher concentrations with dose-dependent route. Nonetheless, adding Pimpinella Anisum insignificantly reduced the propagation velocity of CSD (P = 0.3). In CSD induction with low NaCl concentration ACSF model, adding Pimpinella Anisum to washing solution caused reduction of frequency (P = 0.03) and amplitude (P = 0.048) of CSD. However, the duration of CSD in this model showed no significant difference after using Pimpinella Anisum. Conclusion: Regarding to our results, theoretically, Pimpinella Anisum is able to suppress CSD phenomenon as underlying mechanism of migraine with aura.}, Keywords = {Pimpinella Anisum, Brain Neocortex, Spreading Depression, Migraine.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {180-188}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-741-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-741-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MahdaviOmran, S and Kiakojuri, K and Rajabnia, R and Asgharzadeh, S and Yousefi, MR and Shafii, M and MohammadiSagha, M}, title = {The antifungal activity of cerumen in healthy people referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Babol, Iran}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Ear wax is the combination of different producing gland secretions. According to controversial ideas about the antifungal effects of ear cerumen and lack of any research around this matter in Iran, the present study performed on antifungal activity of cerumen from healthy people referred to Beheshti Hospital, Babol on some fungi. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out on the 30 ear cerumen samples of healthy people referred to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Babol, Iran. The experiment was conducted on 4 type of fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans (clinical isolate) and standard Candida albicans (PTCC5027) by using of 10% cerumen solution in glycerol buffer, in sterile ELISA micro plate accompanying positive and negative controls (as duplicates) then the antifungal activities of cerumen as minimum fungicidal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration 90% and 50% on fungi, were obtained. Results: The average ages of the subjects were between 2-85 years. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) observed in 70.83%. The most antifungal effect (MIC50) observed on Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger (each 26 samples) and least effect observed on the species of Candida albicans (16 samples) (P = 0.003). The Aspergillus niger was more sensitive to cerumen than others. Conclusion: Regarding to the results, cerumen has antifungal effect on tested fungi.}, Keywords = {Cerumen, Antifungal activity, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Micro dilution.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {189-197}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Taghaddosi-nejad, F and Ghazi-khansari, A and Hassanian, H and Shadnia, Sh and Okazi, A and Mehrpour, O}, title = {Evaluation of effective variables of medical history for N-Acetyl cysteine prescription in acetaminophen poisoned patients}, abstract ={Background and Aim: N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) is an effective antidote for acetaminophen poisoning. Now, in some poisoning centers the prescription of NAC is related to the dose of drug through medical history of patients, because of mines equipments and high load of patients. We evaluate the patient’s history more closely and compare it with the plasma acetaminophen to find the effective factors of history on severity of poisoning. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was carried out over 170 patients who were consumed more than 7.5 grams of acetaminophen. Some variables like age, sex, number of suicides, the amount of drug, and the duration between drug consumption and hospital admission were evaluated and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: In total 170 patients, the mean age was 21.81 ± 6.05 years. Out of the total number of samples, 44.7% were men and 55.3% were women. The mean plasma level of acetaminophen was 18.7 µg/ml. The prevalence of poisoning was more in third decade of life. Number of suicides, amount of drug, and duration of consumption and emergency admissions were three variables which positively affect severity of poisoning. Conclusion: In conditions which quick plasma tittering of acetaminophen is impossible for determining the indication of NAC prescription, some factors through patients’ history help the physician for better decision. Positive history of suicide, high dose drug consumption, and long duration between drug poisoning and hospital admission are some risk factors for poisoned patients.}, Keywords = {Acetaminophen, N-Acetyl cysteine, Poisoning, Assessment.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {198-205}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mogharab, M and Madarshahian, F and Rezai, N and Mohammadi, A}, title = {Dialysis adequacy in chronic hemodialysis patients in educational center Vali-Asr in Birjand}, abstract ={Background and Aim: In present more than one million people in world doing hemodialysis, This study do to determine adequacy of dialysis in hemodialysis patients Vali-Asr Hospital in Birjand. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross- sectional and 50 dialysis patients six months after they started dialysis were selected. The questionnaire measured individual data and recorded the weight before and after dialysis and blood urea before and after dialysis within a minute of slow blood to 50 ml of blood from the patient's body and back venus. Then, measured URR and Kt/V, the distribution of patients in three part low, moderate and high adequacy of dialysis. Statistical analysis were used by descriptive statistics and SPSS software. Results: The mean age were 47.70 ± 16.72 years, weight before dialysis 58.2 ± 12.36 and after hemodialysis 56.2 ± 12.22 kg, mean BMI 21.40, urea before dialysis was 140.42 ± 37.92, urea after dialysis was 52.32 ± 16.75 mg dl. 70 percent of patients was Kt/V 0.9-1.2 and 66 percent URR between 61 and 70 percent that had a relatively good level of adequacy of dialysis. mean total Kt/V of patients were 1.17 and URR 62.8 percent. Between BMI, the average pump blood, sex patients and the number of time of dialysis at week with dialysis adequacy were significant relationship (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Prevention of ESRD at the community level and attention to details such as the choise strategy to increase hours of dialysis, filter type and time of dialysis at week is important in dialysis wards.}, Keywords = {Hemodialysis, Kt / V, URR, Blood urea, Dialysis adequacy.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {206-214}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-745-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-745-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Esfahanizadeh, J and Mirzaie, A and Alavi, SH}, title = {Incidence of lateral costal artery, a branch of left internal mammary artery in coronary artery bypass grafting}, abstract ={Background and Aim: In CABG, during lima harvesting, usuall branches of lima are ligated, but almost always the left thoracic cavity for an aberrant lima side- branch, which is usualy named Lateral costal artery, is not explored. In case, this unusual branch exists and is not excluded, it could cause the Coronary Steal Phenomenon. The aim of this study was evaluating the incidence of LCA in Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: In the cross sectional study, 909 coronary patients operated in cardiac surgery department of Ghaem hospital in Mashhad from 2004 to 2009. All lima patients were harvested and the left pleura was opened widely. the presence of LCA was cotrolled and also its traversed length was recorded, based on the number of intercostal space, then it was ligated and excluded We analyzed the length of that branch between males and females by X2 test at the significant level (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Fiftyfive out of 909 patients had Lateral Costal Artery (6%). It extended to the second intercostal in 18 patients (1.6%) (12 males-6 females) fourth space in 26 patients (2.8%) (18 males-8 females) sixth space in 11 patients (1.2%) (8 males-3 females). This variation in 37 patients (4%) (4th, 6th costal space) was long and large enough and there was no meaningful difference in length between men and women by χ2 test (P = 0.7). Conclusion: During CABG, after the pleura is widely opened, the exploration of left thoracic cavity is prudent to exclude the presence of this variation. This will avoid the coronary steal phenomenon, which is a controvertial issue in future. The incidence of LCA was 6% in Iranian patients.}, Keywords = { Coronary artery bypass, Left internal mammary artery, Coronary steal phenomenon.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {215-220}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-746-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-746-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mofateh, MR and GolboeiMosavi, SH}, title = {Epidemiology of tracheotomy cases in Birjand,s Hospitals during 2000-2007}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Elective tracheotomy is a common operation in hospitals in associations with intensive care unit. According to the high incidence of this operation and its importance, we designed our study by gathering information about patient including the most common and post operation complications. Materials and Methods: In our retrospective study, all patients need tracheotomy in both Imam Reza and Vali-Asr hospitals in Birjand during 2000-2007 were studied. The most common indications of tracheotomy were coma, laryngeal cancer, thyroid cancer, sub glottis stenosis, respectively. Results: In this study, 176 patients during 7 years were analyzed. 65.9% of cases were male, the most common indication for tracheotomy were long intubations (54%). Laryngeal cancer (26%). 39 patients (22.1%) were complicated. The most common post operative complications were hemorrhage of the site of operation (5.1%), Tube difficulties (4.5%), tracheal stenosis (2.85%), and the difficulties in deconolation (2.3%), sub cotaneous emphysema (1.7%), infection (1.7%), granulation tissues (1.1%) and others (2.85%). Conclusion: According to prevalence of tracheotomy and its complications, more post-operative care of patients in ICU and emergency wards can be effective in reducing complications and having a better prognosis.}, Keywords = {Tracheostomy, Complication, Birjand, Epidemiology.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {221-227}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-747-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-747-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MehrabiBahar, M and Amouzeshi, A and Soltanian, A}, title = {Endometriosis presenting as pseudocarcinomatosis: a case report}, abstract ={Endometriosis is one of the most common pelvic pathologies in females in fertility ages. One of the very rare symptoms of this disease is abdominal carcinomatosis (pseudocarcinomatosis). Only two such cases have been reported based on the authors' knowledge. Furthermore, it is the first case report which abdominal carcinomatosis did response to hormonal therapy without removing the uterus and enclosure with surgery.}, Keywords = { Pseudocarcinomatosis, Endometriosis, Obstruction, Hormonal therapy.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {228-231}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-748-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-748-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {DanaeSij, Z. and Bahrainian, AM. and DehghaniFiroozabadi, M. and Sharifzadeh, Gh.}, title = {Therapeutic effects of drug therapy with and without cognitive behaviour therapy in post-stroke depression}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Cerebrovascular accidents can cause multiple psychiatric disorders especially depressive mood. Results of several researches have shown the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. The aim of this study was comparison of the effects of drug therapy alone and with CBT in the post-stroke depression. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 28 female patients with post-stroke depression were randomly selected and divided into case and control groups. Patients in the case group received CBT with drug therapy, and the control group received antidepressant drugs alone. Beck depression test was used to compare the recovery rate of depression in both groups after treatment interventions. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS version 15 using statistical tests of Student-t, fisher and ANOVA at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: Data analysis showed that although both CBT with drug therapy (P<0.001) and drug therapy alone (P<0.001) were effective on the post-stroke depression, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, both drug therapy alone and combined with CBT were effective on the treatment of post-stroke depression, but the combined therapy was more effective than the drug therapy alone.}, Keywords = {Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Drug therapy, Post-stroke depression}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {232-238}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-838-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-838-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Rahimian, GhA. and Babaeian, M. and Kheiri, S. and Moradi, MT. and Rafieian-Kopaei, M.}, title = {Effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra (D-reglis tablet) on pain and defecation of patients with irritable bowel syndrome}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Glycyrrhiza glabra has a wide variety of therapeutic effects especially on gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its anti-spasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects have also been reported. This study was preformed to determine the effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (D-reglis tablet) on the pain and defecation of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Materials and Methods: In a randomized double blind clinical trial, 90 patients with IBS referred to gastrointestinal clinic of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected into case and control groups. Patients in the case group received nortriptyline plus D-reglis (6 tablets in three divided doses for 8 weeks) and patients in the control group received nortriptyline and placebo. During the trial, patients were evaluated for pain severity (based on VAS grade) and defecation condition (with a questionnaire). Data were analyzed by means of SPSS, using relevant statistical tests at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: Although the pain severity showed a decreasing trend in both the case and control groups during the 8 weeks of trial (P<0.001), there was no significant difference between the groups at all times (P>0.05). Compared to the control group, patients in the case group spent less time having normal stool (P=0.02) and more time (P=0.02) having hard stool. Conclusion: It seems that Glycyrrhiza glabra has no significant effect on the pain of IBS patients however, it may improve the diarrhea or exacerbate the constipation in these patients.}, Keywords = {Irritable bowel syndrome, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Pain severity, Defecation}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {240-248}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-839-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-839-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Sajjadi, M. and Honarvar, H. and Basiri-Moghadam, K. and Nazemi, H. and Mirhaghi, A.}, title = {Comparison of merocel and regular tampon regarding comfort and problems of patients after septo-rhinoplasty surgery}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Septoplasty and rhinoplasty is a common surgery that requires nasal tampon usage. The aim of this study was to compare merocel and regular (mesh or ribbon gauze) tampon regarding pain, comfort, and problems of patients after surgery. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial study was performed on 30 septo-rhinoplasty patients in 2009. The patients were divided into case (merocel tampon) and control (regular tampon) groups according to the odd or even days of referring. Pain was measured by VAS100 mm and comfort, nose bleeding and problems of the patients was measured by a checklist and was recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 12) using Fisher's exact, Student-t and Mann-Whitney tests at the significance level of P<0.05. Results: The pain in the case group (64.3±13.4) was less than the control group (83.6±14) at the time of removing the tampon (P=0.001). Moreover, discomfort feeling (P=0.01), respiratory problems and nausea (P=0.02) in the case group, was significantly less than control. No significant differences in the incidence of bleeding and other complications and problems between the two groups were observed. Conclusion: Although merocel tampon in comparison with regular tampon may not cause a significant decrease in the nasal bleeding, its consumption in the nasal surgery associated with less pain and more convenience for the patients.}, Keywords = {Nasal tampon, Merocel, Mesh, Septoplasty, Rhinoplasty }, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {249-256}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-840-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-840-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Naseh, Ghodratollah and Hassanpour-Fard, Mohammad and Bodhankar, S. and Dikshit, M.}, title = {Pomegranate, Bottle gourd, Antibacterial activity, Tetracycline}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Treatment with antibiotics is accompanied by difficulties, such as unwanted side effects and drug resistance. Medicinal plants can be considered as suitable alternative, because they may have fewer side effects. Pomegranate and bottle gourd are fruits that are easily available in many areas of the world. The current study was aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of these nutrients. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the antibacterial activity of whole fruit powder extract of skinless pomegranate and bottle gourd and their fruit juices, were determined by the disc plate method against six different bacterial species, including salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus Subtilis and Shigella dysentery. The diameter of zone of inhibition was measured by adding the samples and tetracycline (as reference) in the culture medium containing each bacterium (at least 3 times for each sample). To compare the groups, ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: Powder extract of pomegranate (250 µg/disc) could stop the growth of the studied bacteria (except Bacillus Subtilis) mildly, whereas the fruit juices of pomegranate and bottle gourd and the powder extract of bottle gourd did not show antibacterial activity. Conclusion: The mild antibacterial activity of powder extract of pomegranate may be related to its more polyphenolic compounds compared to bottle gourd.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {257-264}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-841-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-841-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Hosseini-Vashan, SJ. and Sarir, H. and Afzali, N. and Mallekaneh, M. and Allahressani, A. and Esmaeilinasab, P.}, title = {Influence of different layer rations on atherogenesis and thrombogenesis indices in egg yolks}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The level of fatty acids in human diets, affecting the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, which has an important role in the function and healthiness of cardiovascular system. Due to high level of cholesterol, eggs are risky regimen for cardiovascular patients. This study was conducted to modify the composition of layer ration for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease resulting form consumption of eggs. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study. 288 Leghorn hens were selected to 12 groups, receiving different level of linseed, safflower seed, palm olein oil and fish oil in the rations and control group. After three 28-day periods, level of blood cholesterol of hens and also level of cholesterol and fatty acids of egg yolks were evaluated. Results: The cholesterol and saturated fatty acid concentrations of yolks did not significantly change (P>0.05). Omega-9 and omega-6 fatty acids increased in the groups that were fed with palm olein oil and safflower see, respectively. Linolenic acid and long chain omega-3 fatty acids were higher in linseed and fish oil groups, respectively (P<0.05). The atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic indices (TI) decreased significantly in higher level of these rations compare to control group. The highest amount of TI was observed with high level of safflower seed rations. The lowest amount of AI and TI were obtained in the fish oil and linseed rations (P<0.05). Conclusion: Modifying the level of fatty acids in the rations of hens, may introduce the egg as a good and safe source of protein for the cardiovascular patients.}, Keywords = {Egg, Cardiovascular disease, Atherogenic index, Thrombogenic index}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {265-273}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-842-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-842-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Baharara, J. and Mosavifar, N. and Jalali, M. and Adl, F.}, title = {The effects of Human ChorionicGonadotropin (hCG) on development of ovarian follicles of Balb/c race mouse}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) using gonadotropin is an important technique in the infertility and genetics research. The effect of hCG on development of ovarian follicles of Balb/c race mouse was studied in this investigation. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 virgin female Balb/c mice (21 days) were selected and divided into three groups of control, sham exposed (0.1ccNormal saline) and experimental group (0.1cc hCG 5IU/ml). The Mice were scarified 18 hours later by chloroform injection, and their ovaries were removed for morphometric and histological studies and the weight and size were recorded. The number of primary, secondary, growing and early antral follicles were determined and compared for each sample by light microscopy. The data were analyzed by means of SPSS software using ANOVA and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in the size of ovary, the average number of primary and secondary follicle among the 3 groups of mice (P>0.05). The administration of hCG caused a significant increase in ovarian weight and the average number of growing and early antral follicles compared with control and sham exposed groups (P=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the effect of hCG hormone on ovarian follicles growth rate, is higher in end-stages of development.}, Keywords = {Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), ovary, Balb/c mouse, follicular development}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {274-280}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-843-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-843-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Namakin, K. and Sharifzadeh, GhR. and Rezaee, S.}, title = {Demographic and clinical characteristic of febrile convulsion in children admitted in Valiasr hospital of Birjand}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Febrile convulsion (FC) is the most common seizure disorder in childhood and a common cause of admission in pediatric hospitals. The present study was conducted to determine the characteristics of febrile convulsion in children. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all children (9 months to 6 years old) that were admitted with the diagnosis of seizure in pediatric department of Valiasr hospital of Birjand, during one year (March 2007 to 2008) were studied. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 11) applying chi-square at the significant level of α=0.05. Results: Out of 145 children with seizure, 102 cases (70.3%) had FC and 43(19.7%) had other causes. Mean age of children with FC was 25.5±18.6 months. FC was more prevalent in the boys than girls (58.8% vs. 41.2%). The most common types of seizure were simple FC (61.8%) and complex FC (38.2%). Generalized tonic-clonic seizure was the most common form (90.2%). The most common underlying causes were respiratory infections (45.1%), followed by gastroenteritis (21.6%). There was no significant correlation between age, sex and the type of seizure. Simple FC was more prevalent in children with the positive family history of this type of seizure. Majority (74.5%) of children were referred with the first attack of FC. Conclusion: The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of FC in our study were similar to other studies in other places, although the incidence of complex FC was considerable that require a more serious approach.}, Keywords = {Febrile convulsion, children, clinical characteristics, epidemiology}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {281-287}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-844-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-844-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MashhadiNezhad, H. and Samini, F. and MashhadiNezhad, S.}, title = {Comparison of clinical findings and results of open surgury in treatment of primary and recurrent lumbosacral disc herniation}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Despite improving therapeutic methods of lumbosacral disc herniation, open surgery is still the conventional method. This study was aimed to investigate the recurrence rate and risk factors of lumbar disc herniation after open surgery and comparison of clinical outcomes of second surgery with the first surgery. Materials and Methods: This prospective descriptive study was performed on patients with disc herniation surgery during 5 years (March 2003 to 2008). The questionnaires including personal information, clinical findings and neurological examination were completed for all patients before and after surgery. Pain intensity and function of patient were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) and MODQ respectively. Data were analyzed by mean of SPSS software (version 12) and appropriate statistical test at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: In this study, 844 patients with mean follow-up period of 38±8 month were studied. The most common complaints and signs of the patients were Low back pain, sciatalgia and positive SLR respectively. Recurrence of symptoms was confirmed by MRI in 16 patients (1.89%). Relapse risk factors were sex, age, smoking and spine trauma. Comparison of pain severity and function rate in group with primary hernia (86.7% and 21.2 respectively) with recurrent group (85.7% and 21.1 respectively) showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: While this study, determined the incidence of recurrent disk herniation, it showed that the results of the second surgery were satisfactory and the complications is not more than the first surgery.}, Keywords = {Lumbar disc herniation, Lumbosacral, Disc herniation recurrence, Neurological assessment}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {288-295}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-845-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-845-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Jamali, J. and Feizi, A. and Hosseini, S.M. and A.Kazemnejad, and Parsayekta, Z.}, title = {Knowledge level of the warning signs of cancer and its affecting factors in Tehran\'s population above 18 years}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Early diagnosis of cancer warning signs and the necessary actions can be an effective step in prevention of cancer and its progression toward advanced stages of disease. The present study, as the first comprehensive research, investigated the knowledge level of the warning signs of cancer and its correlated determinants in Tehran inhabitants. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2007 on people aged above 18 years living in Tehran and Suburbs. Data were collected by means of questionnaires from 2500 persons who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. In this study, knowledge, considered as a latent response variable based on the knowledge of persons about each of the nine warning signs of cancer, which was evaluated by generalized latent class regression model. Moreover the factors affecting the level of knowledge were assessed. The analysis was done be means of Latent Gold software. Results: A small portion of respondents (18.82%) had high knowledge about warning signs of cancer and more respondents had moderate (54.49%) or low (26.69%) knowledge level. The most important determinants of level of knowledge were education level, gender and marital status. Conclusion: This study showed that the overall level of knowledge and recognition of warning signs of cancer is low in the studied population. The obtained data about level of knowledge and its effective factors are useful in developing programs of cancer prevention, especially in the field of health education.}, Keywords = {Cancer, Warning signs, Knowledge, Latent class regression}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {296-307}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-846-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-846-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Ranjbarkohn, zohreh and Sajadinejad, MS.}, title = {Effect of assertiveness training on self-esteem and depression in students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Assertiveness is considered as one of the important factors of success in inter-personal relationships. Weakness in this ability causes to increase stress and results in impaired mental health. On the other hand, previous studies show the effect of assertiveness on educational and career success. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of assertiveness training on self-esteem and depression in students of Isfahan University of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: This experimental study, as pre- and post-test with a control group, was conducted in the academic year of 2009-2010. Forty students were selected through randomized cluster sampling into case and control groups (10 female and 10 men for each group). The assertiveness training program was used in case group for 8 sessions. The Ellis Pop esteem test and Beck depression questionnaire were used to evaluate the variables before and after training. The collected data were analyzed by means of SPSS (version 16) using MANCOVA and t tests, at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: The assertiveness training caused a significant increase in the self-esteem level and decrease in the depression rate in case group (P=0.001 for both) but this effect was not seen in control group (P>0/05). Conclusion: Training the assertiveness skills can be used as a method to improve the mental health of students of medical sciences.}, Keywords = {Efficacy, Assertiveness training, Self-esteem, Depression}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {308-315}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-847-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-847-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Zangoee, Fakhri and S.A.Saadatjoo, and H.Beydokhti,}, title = {Library users\' satisfaction rate at the central library of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Respecting the clients is an important element for every successful information system. This study was done to determine the users' satisfaction rate with the services offered by the Central Library of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 400 students, through systematic sampling, and other members, by means of census, were studied. A self-made questionnaire was designed based on the study goals and its content validity was approved by a number of professionals. The obtained data were analyzed by means of SPSS software using statistical tests, at the significant level of P<0. 05. Results: Out of 696 cases studied, 53% were students, 27% were employees, 16% were faculty members and 4% were ordinary members of the library. Satisfaction rate of the users were in the order of: educational workshops (88.6%), personnel treatment (85.2%), book loaning services (84.8%), Physical and welfare facilities (82.2%), information services (65.5%), quality of sources (54.7%), quantity of sources (53.4%) and references and journals (51.6%). Faculty members had the highest mean satisfaction scores regarding book loaning services, references and journals, physical and welfare facilities, educational workshops, and personnel treatment. The working period of the library was appropriate for %76.7 of the library users. Students' satisfaction was significantly lower than other users in most of the fields (P<0.01). Conclusion: The average satisfaction rate of Central Library's members in most of the aspects was high. In order to improve the quantity and quality of the library services, it is suggested that the library activity hours, number and period of the sources' loaning, number of the computers and period of using the Internet be increased.}, Keywords = {Library services, Users' satisfaction, Academic libraries}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {316-322}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-848-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-848-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} }