@article{ author = {Movahed, F and Jalali, S and Javadi, A}, title = {Comparison of two regimes in administration of vaginal misoprostol(every 6 hours vs every 12 hours) for second trimester pregnancy termination}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Progress in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and early diagnosis of maternal life threatening diseases has resulted in an increased number of second trimester pregnancy terminations. The present study aimed at comparing the therapeutic effects of two different regimens of vaginal misoprostol administration (i.e. every 6 hours vs every 12 hours) on the 2nd trimester pregnancy termination. ‏   Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 140 women with14-28 weeks of gestation who had volunteered to undergo termination of pregnancy for various indications, were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. The first group received 400µg vaginal misoprostol every 6 hours and the second one every 12 hours. If expulsion of fetus did not occur within 48 hours, high dose of oxytocin was administered. Induction-abortion interval, mean dose of misoprostol, high dose oxytocin administration need and side-effects in the two groups were recorded. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 12) at the significant level P<0.05.   Results: There was no significant difference in the mean induction-abortion interval between the two groups. ‏ Average dose of misoprostol was higher (P<0.001) in the 6-hour group (1600±761 µg) compared to the 12-hour group (1200±385µg). There was not any need for administration of high dose of oxytocin in either of the groups. Incidence of fever was slightly higher in the 6- hour group, which was not statistically significant.   Conclusion: For termination of second trimester pregnancy, administration of 400µg vaginal misoprostol every 12 hours can be as useful as every 6 hour administration of the drug.}, Keywords = {Misoprostol, Pregnancy termination, Second trimester}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {72-78}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-612-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-612-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Kordi, M. and Bakhshi, M. and Tara, F. and Mokhber, N. and EbrahimZade, S.}, title = {The effect of midwife’s supportive care during labor on exclusive breastfeeding in primipara women}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Although some studies have shown that supportive care during labor improves mother's prognosis in relation to infant, no sufficient scientific information have been reported. Thus, the present study was carried out aiming at determining the effect of midwife’s supportive care during labor on exclusive breastfeeding in primipara women in Ommolbanin hospital in Mashhad.   Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 80 primipara women with the gestational age of 38-42 weeks, a single live fetus with cephalic presentation, intact membranes and cervical dilatation of 3-4 cms, no history of complications during pregnancy, and no evidence of cephalopelvic disproportion or fetal distress were randomly divided into two groups namely a supportive care group (receiving supportive care) and a usual care group. All mothers recorded the daily frequency of their infants’ breast feeding from birth until six weeks later in a check-list. Means of data collection were interview, examination and measuring, checklist, visual analogue scale, Speilberger anxiety scale, and breastfeeding experience scale. The obtained data was analyzed using t test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square and Fisher exact tests.   Results: The frequency of exclusive breastfeeding in the fourth and in the sixth week after birth in the supportive care group was significantly higher than its frequency in the usual care group (P= 0.023 and 0.017, respectively).   Conclusion: A midwife’s supportive care has a positive influence on breastfeeding. Therefore, supportive care is recommended as a strategy to promote exclusive breastfeeding and keeping health of the infant.}, Keywords = {Breastfeeding, Labor, Postnatal care, Social support}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-86}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-632-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-632-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Masoodi, R. and Alhani, F. and Moghadassi, J. and Ghorbani, M.}, title = {The effect of family-centered empowerment model on skill, attitude , and knowledge of multiple sclerosis caregivers}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Caring for patients with multiple sclerosis brings about a lot of tension for the care-givers and the family. Implementation of an empowerment program leads to self-control and preventive behaviors. This study aimed at determining the effects of a family-centered empowerment model on knowledge, attitude and skill of care givers of multiple sclerotic patients.   Materials and Methods: This clinical-trial study was done on 70 care givers of multiple sclerotic patients who were divided into case and control groups. Family-centered empowerment model was applied for three months and then the questionnaires regarding skill, attitude, and knowledge of the participants were collected. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 11.5) and dedicational statistical tests at the significant level of P<0.05.   Results: Independent T-test revealed that there was no significant difference in the mean knowledge, attitude, and skill scores in the case and control groups before intervention (P>0.05) whereas the difference was significant three months after intervention (P=0.001). Besides, mean knowledge, attitude and skill scores of the caregivers in the case group significantly increased three months after intervention (P=0.001), but there was no significant difference in the mentioned factors in the care-givers of control group after three months (P>0.05).   Conclusion: Empowerment of caregivers for patients with multiple sclerosis promotes their knowledge, attitude and skills leading to more efficient care for these patients. Planning and implementing more effective programs for those caring for chronic diseases is recommended.}, Keywords = {Family-centered empowerment model, Knowledge, Attitude, Skill, Caregivers, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {87-97}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-659-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-659-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Hosseinzade, MJ. and Jalali, M. and Nabavizade, F. and Eshraghian, MR. and Siasi, F. and Purghaderi, M.}, title = {The effect of energy restriction on biomarkers of aging and inflammation in rats}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Excessive energy intake and subsequent obesity increase the incidence of chronic diseases and decrease life expectancy. Energy restriction, while considering adequate nutrient intake, decreases the risk of developing chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of energy restriction on biomarkers of longevity and inflammation in rats.   Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 50 male wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups for 11 weeks: control (ad libitum diet), and energy restriction (40% energy restriction of baseline energy requirements). Weight, BMI, body temperature, and level of glucose, insulin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 in serum were measured at the end of the study. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS (version 11.5) and independent t-test, at the significant level P<0.05.   Results: Energy restriction decreased weight (P=0.001), BMI (P=0.001), body temperature (P=0.001), and also the serum level of glucose (P=0.035), insulin (P=0.021), IL-6 (P=0.045) and leptin (P=0.001) significantly, but no significant change happened in TNF-α (P=0.3).   Conclusion: Two biomarkers of longevity (fasting insulin level and body temperature) decreased due to energy restriction, which may be a sign of metabolic rate reduction. Moreover, efficacy of energy restriction in the reduction of inflammation biomarker (IL-6) indicates that ER can attenuate inflammatory process, which is a common risk factor for many chronic diseases.}, Keywords = {Energy restriction, Aging, Inflammation, Rat}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {98-106}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-681-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-681-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Abolhasannejad, V. and Salehizadeh, M. and GhotbiRavandi, M. and Mehrbani, M. and Sabetjahromi, M. and Nakhe'eeAmroudi, N.}, title = {Evaluating the solubility of metal ions in cement dust within lung alveoli through in-vitro method}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Breathing exposure to cement dust containing an amount of heavy metal compounds has many different local and systemic effects. The aim of the present study was to survey the extent of cement factory workers' pulmonary exposure to metal ions (Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium and Nickel).   Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional research, environmental sampling of the factory's packing section was performed to monitor metal ions in the air and fluid in a condition similar to that of the lungs. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 11.5) at the significant level of P<0.05.   Results: Comparing mean concentration of the studied metals with their maximum threshold level showed that it was less than the level (P<0.05). Maximum metal ion concentration in the air was that of Chromium (1.75 µg/m3) and the minimum concentration belonged to Cadmium (0.01 µg/m3). The level of metal ions of Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium and Nickel in the floating particulates of the packing section was 0.74±0.41, 9.31±3.38, 81.96±53.35, 32.5±27.83 and the amount of the extracted metals with the simulated alveoli fluid from the samples of the air in the packing section of the factory in the in-vitro were 0.006±0.002, 0.02±0.009, 0.53±0.12, and 0.14±0.03 µg/g of the collected air dust, respectively. The result of Spearman's correlation coefficient test showed that the relationship between meal ions concentration in the air and the amount of simulated liquid was not statistically significant (P>0.05).   Conclusion: Although there was not any significant relationship between the amount of metal ions in the air and the simulated fluid, it is essential to investigate these exposures because of the high percentage of Cadmium solubility under simulated lung alveoli conditions.}, Keywords = {Cement dust, Heavy metals, Pulmonary exposure, Bioavailability, In-vitro}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {107-117}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-625-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-625-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Afshar, M. and HasanzadehTaheri, M.M. and Ryasi, H.R. and Naseri, M.}, title = {Evaluation of faculty members by students with different educational development}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: University teachers are among the main pillars of higher educational system and their evaluation is constantly done through different ways including students' evaluation. While some teachers are opposed to evaluation by weak students, the present study was designed and carried out in Birjand University of Medical Sciences to determine the relationship between teachers' evaluation scores and students with different educational development.   Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional, descriptive and analytical study, which was performed at Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2007, sixty-three faculty members were selected conducting a poll, and 2700 questionnaires were filled in by all medical students. The means of data collection were the questionnaires whose validity and reliability had been confirmed by the university's Education Development Center. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.5) at the significant level P<0.05.   Results: Mean evaluation scores by advanced, average and weak students were 55.59±11.46, 55.70±12.49, and 55.51±12.23 respectively (P=0.96). In surveying different aspects which were evaluated there was a significant difference between advanced students and weak ones regarding teachers' dignity score (P=0.03).   Conclusion: Regarding that a significant difference between faculty members' evaluation scores and students with different educational development levels was not observed, it seems that educational development of students has no effect on their evaluation and, therefore, this variable can not be considered as favoritism in the evaluation of teachers. The difference observed in the domain of professorial dignity can emphasize the necessity of better judgment on the part of professors in their dealing with students.}, Keywords = {Faculty member, Student, Evaluation, Educational development}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {118-126}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-621-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-621-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mahmoudirad, Gh. and Ahmadi, F. and Vanaki, Z. and Hajizadeh, E.}, title = {The effect of “Expectation based managerial competency acquisition in nursing model” on nursing staff empowerment and efficacy of leadership style}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Providing an appropriate clinical situation to utilize nurses' efficiency and realizing their potential talents demands the application of managerial skills and the effectiveness of leadership in nursing, though this application is rarely evident. The present study, therefore aimed at determining the effect of “Expectation based managerial competency acquisition in nursing model” on nursing staff empowerment and efficacy of leadership style. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study, with staggering control groups is part of an eclectic research. In this study, 43 nurses and 13 nurse managers in EmamReza Hospital (the control group) and 47 nurses and 29 nurse managers in Valiaser Hospital of Birjand (the intervention group) were evaluated. Spritzer and LEADs questionnaires were used for data collection. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 16), and statistical tests including independent T, paired T, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis and X2 at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: It was found that there was a significant difference in the mean score of nursing empowerment in the nurses intervention group (P<0.001) but there was no significant difference in the level of empowerment in this group (P=0.146). Moreover, a significant difference in the mean score of efficacy of leadership style in the nurse managers intervention group was seen after the intervention (P=0.046). Conclusion: Expectation based managerial competency acquisition in nursing model has been able to promote the efficacy of leadership style and nursing management skills and competencies in a way that it would be comprehended by nurses and would affect their capacity.}, Keywords = {Competency, Nursing management, Empowerment, Efficacy of leadership style}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {127-135}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, S.R. and Taghaddosinejad, F. and Talaee, H. and Zare, Gh.A. and Sadeghi, M. and Rajaee, P. and Balali-Mood, M.}, title = {Clinical and laboratory evaluation of rhabdomyolysis in 165 patients with severe acute poisonings}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical and biochemical syndrome that results from acute poisonings. The present study aimed to investigate clinical and biochemical characteristics of rhabdomyolysis in patients with severe acute poisonings.   Materials and Methods: Out of 450 patients with severe acute poisonings who admitted in the Toxicology Intensive Care Unit of Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran between April and September 2006, 165 subjects with serum creatine kinase at least five fold of normal range (≤975 IU/L) after disproving any other causes, were enrolled in this sectional study. Poisoning diagnosis was based on the history of toxins usage and clinical findings. The toxins usages were approved by the appropriate toxicological tests. Demographic data, clinical findings and laboratory studies were recorded for all patients. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 11.5) at the significant level of P<0.05.   Results: Frequency of rhabdomyolysis in the poisoned patients was 36.6%. The most common intoxications inducing rhabdomyolysis were opium (28%), tricyclic antidepressant drugs (14%) and benzodiazepines (14%). Acute renal failure was diagnosed in 23 (15%) patients. There was a linear correlation between serum creatine kinase and serum creatinine (P<0.05).   Conclusion: Patients with severe acute poisoning are at risk of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure is its ‏ main coincident complication.}, Keywords = {Rhabdomyolysis, Acute poisoning, Creatine kinase, Acute renal failure}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {136-142}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-631-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-631-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Shirzaii, M.}, title = {The relationship between the fluride in drinking-water and prevalence of fluorosis and dental caries}, abstract ={No Abstract is Available}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {143-144}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-613-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-613-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2010} }