@article{ author = {Davari, MH.}, title = {A case report of ophthalmorrhagia caused by leech attachment}, abstract ={A leech attachment in the eye is very rare, yet leeches usually attach themselves to the throat, nasal mucus, esophagus, pharynx, rectum, and vagina. A leech can cause epistaxis, haematemesis, hemoptysis rectal and vaginal hemorrhage. In this article, a case of the eye contact to leech is reported. A seven year old boy with eye hemorrhage, who suffered from an attached leech in the limbus of the left eye and had a history of swimming in his village stream, was assessed. The patient was first diagnosed as a corneal perforation and prolapse of the iris. However, slit lamp examination showed a brown-gray waveringly moving mass resembling a leech, which had apparently penetrated into the mucus and was sucking the blood and causing hemorrhage. Besides, conjuctival bleeding was seen around this spot. The leech was taken out in the operation room under topical anesthesia using tetracain 5%. Finally, bleeding was stopped under pressure dressing. The following day, examination of the case revealed the biting spot of the leech in temporal limbus and conjuctival bleeding.. The patient received an antibiotic drop (Chloramphenicol 0.5%) and a steroid drop (Betametasone 0.1%), which resulted in the elimination of all symptoms after one week. Although parasitic living of leech in the eye is rare if present, it can cause profuse hemorrhage on the surface of the eye. Thus it is important to suspect that a leech has already infested a patient who has no history of trauma but suffers from ophthalmorrhagia, has a history of swimming in rivers and/or washing the face in rivers or puddles of water,and is a rural inhabitant. Therefore, having a leech in the eye-as a differential diagnosis-must be taken into account.}, Keywords = {Leech, Ophthalmorrhagia, Corneal perforation, Iris prolapse}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {TayyebiMeibodi, N. and Amooeian, S. and Khoei, AR. and Farhadi, F.}, title = {Calcified amorphous tumor of the heart (cardiac CAT), A case report}, abstract ={Calcified amorphous tumor of the heart (cardiac CAT) is a rare non- neoplastic cardiac mass with unknown pathogenesis, 12 cases of which have been reported so far. This report presents a 73 year old woman with chest pain complaint continuing since last year. Workup revealed left atrium mass of posterior wall origin . The specimen was a solid calcified nodule with firm consistency and 2.5cm in diameter. Microscopic examination revealed fibrohyalinizing lesion with extensive calcium deposits, chronic inflammatory infiltration and blood elements.The lesion is diagnosed as calcified amorphous tumor of the heart.}, Keywords = {Calcified amorphous tumor, Cardiac CAT, Heart, Atrium mass, Microscopic examination}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Delaram, M. and HasanPoor, A. and Noorian, K. and Kazemian, A.}, title = {Impact of early admission in labor on maternal and neonatal outcomes in Hajar health-care center of Shahr-e-Kord, Iran.}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Time of hospitalization of women for delivery can have an important impact on the outcome of labor and attention to it could prevent many complications affecting mother and fetus. The aim of this study was to detect the impact of early admission of women in labor and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study , 463 women with low risk Pregnancy single fetus and vertex presentation, that had been admitted in their latent phase (group 1) and 287 women who had similar characteristics and had been admitted in their active phase (group 2) were assessed in Hajar hospital from February to November 2004. Information recording forms and check lists were used for data collection. SPSS software, t-test, chi -square and logistic regression tests were used to analize the obtained data. P<0.05 was considered as the significant level. Results: 463 (61.7%) of women admitted were in their latent phase and 287 (38.3%) cases were in their active phase of labor. Mean age of mother, gestational age based on left mentoposterior (LMP) and sonography, mean birth weight and Apgar score of neonates were not significant in the two groups. Although the number of women who were augmentated with oxytocin due to dystocia were similar in the two groups (79.9% ,76.5%), the incidence of cesarean section in women who received oxytocin was more in group 1 than in group 2 (57.2% versus 25.8% , P<0.001). Total rate of cesarean section was more in group 1 than in group 2 (363 versus 118, P<0.001).The main Cause of cesarean section in group 1 was dystocia and in group 2 it was fetal distress. There was no difference in the rates of forceps delivery, vacuum extraction, neonatal intubation and postpartum hemorrhage in two groups. Conclusion: It is suggested that pregnant women should be sufficiently instructed about prenatal care regarding the signs of the beginning of active labor and they had better refer to the hospital when in the active phase of labor in order to prevent complications which could be resulted from early admission.}, Keywords = {Early admission, Labor, Maternal, Neonatal, Outcomes}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Fesharakiniya, A. and Sharifzadeh, GhR. and Sadrzadeh,, M. and Segalahgi, H.}, title = {Prevalence of iron deficiency and its related anemia in junior school students in Birjand}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world and its related anemia is the most common hematological disease in children and adolescents. Since iron deficiency can produce anemia and learning difficulties in children in rapid- growing ages, awareness of its prevalence can affect on planning preventive measures. The present study aimed at determining iron deficiency prevalence , its related anemia, and some relevant factors in junior school students in Birjand in 2006. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional and descriptive study, 450 students from junior schools were selected by multi-stage random method. After the study was clarified, parents filled out their respective consent forms regarding their children and personal information of the students was recorded thus, height and weight of students were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. CBC differential and serum ferritin were measured. Iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin≤12μg/L and anemia was defined as Hb<12g/dL and iron deficiency anemia was defined as both (SF≤12, Hb<12).The obtained data were analysed by means of SPSS software and statistical tests (Chi-Square and Fisher) at the level of  =0.05. Results: Prevalence of anemia was 3.6%, iron deficiency anemia 1.8% and iron deficiency was 24%. Prevalence of iron deficiency showed significant relationship to sex (female), menstruation, and increasing age. There was not a significant relationship between iron deficiency and its respective anemia to score, degree of birth, body mass index, age, job, and parents’ level of education. Conclusion: With regard to relatively high prevalence of iron deficiency and its health and socioeconomic complications, it is recommended that screening programs for iron deficiency will be done during the rapid- growing age of children so that they would be treated if necessary.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {RezaeiTalab, F. and Akbari, H.}, title = {Relationship between anthracosis and pulmonary tuberculosis in patients examined through bronchoscopy}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Bronchial anthracosis is due to entrapment of carbon, silica, quartz and other particles in pulmonary mucosa, submucosa, and inside macrophages. Lesions have a black appearance in bronchoscopy and may be accompanied with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between anthracosis and tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: This is an epidemiologic descriptive study all the patients who under went fiberoptic bronchoscopy in Mashhad Imam Reza hospital from September 2003 to September 2005.Sample of bronchopulmonary lavage of every patient was taken and, in order to get the respective smear and process the culture to identify tuberculosis bacillus, was tested. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS statistical software, statistical tests chi-Square, and t-test and P≤0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: Totally, 1000 patients were evaluated and according to bronchoscopic findings anthracosis was diagnosed in 225 cases. Of these, 58.7% were males and 41.3 females. Mean age was 65.45 ±12.05 years. Pulmonary tuberculosis was demonstrated in 57 (25.3%) of patients while 44 cases (5.7%) of patients without anthracosis had tuberculosis. Thus, pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly more prevalent in patients with anthracosis (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Bronchial anthracosis is one of the notorious symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) thus, in patients with anthracosis and pulmonary symptoms, pulmonary TB should be taken into consideration. This would be an appropriate guide in the prevention and treatment of the patients. On the other hand, regarding that pulmonary tuberculosis is still one of the health problems of the present century caring about its risk factors and coexistant conditions including anthracosis in patients having pulmonary symptoms is recommended.}, Keywords = {Anthracosis, Bronchoscopy, Tuberculosis}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Taheri, F. and Kazemi, T.}, title = {Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight in Birjand, Iran (a case-control study)}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem. LBW is associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and some risk factors in LBW infants delivered in Birjand maternity hospitals. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study all LBW babies (202) delivered during 6 months, between 20-4-2004 and 21-10-2004 in Birjand maternity hospitals were investigated. Every neonate whose weight was equal to or less than 2500 gm was taken as a case and the first neonate following the former whose weight was more than 2500 gm was taken as a control. Data gathering was done through questionnaires, interviewing the mothers, and physical examination. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software, Chi-square and Logistic regression tests at the significant level α= 0.05. Results: Out of 2558 neonates, 202 (7.9%), were LBW. It was found that LBW was associated with sex (P=0.01), emesis gravidarum (P<0.001), mother’s hypertension during pregnancy (P<0.001), and delivery interval less than 24 months (P= 0.04). Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between LBW and some risk factors, which are mostly preventable, taking measures such as education of the public- especially young females-and promoting the quality of maternal care during pregnancy particularly in high risk pregnancies, are recommended.}, Keywords = {Low Birth Weight (LBW), Risk factor, Pregnancy, hypertension, Emesis, gravidarum}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Kalbasi, S. and Hoseini, H. and NadiMoghadam, S. and Soltani, M.}, title = {Effect of Levothyroxine Therapy on Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Level in 20-50 year old females with Hashimoto’s disease}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most prevalent cause of hypothyroidism in children and adults. The disease clinically manifests itself in three forms namely hypothyroidism, euthyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. The present study was carried out aiming at determining anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody variation before and after levothyroxine treatment in hashimoto's thyroiditis patients. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, at first patients with firm goiter referring to Birjand glands deficiency clinic between 2005 and 2006 were examined, and those with positive anti- TPO antibody were accounted as hashimoto cases. Then, these cases were prescribed a three- month treatment with 100 microgram daily of levothyroxine. At the end of the period, their level of anti- TPO antibody was measured and their clinical conditions were assessed. The obtained data was then analysed by means of SPSS software statistical tests including independent t, paired t test and chi-square test. Results: Majority (67.1%) of the patients were diagnosed as hypothyroid, and 32.9% were euthyroid cases. The level of anti-TPO antibody in 20% of the patients reached normal level after a period of three month treatment with levothyroxine. Mean anti-TPO antibody level before levothyroxine treatment was 450.74±122.05 IU/mL, which reduced to 236.2±153.96 IU/mL after treatment (P<0.001). Mean anti-TPO antibody level before treatment was higher (P<0.001) in hypothyroid patients compared with euthyroid ones. After treatment with levothyroxine, antibody level in hypothyroid cases also remained higher than that of euthyroid ones (P<0.001). Conclusion: Anti-TPO antibody level in Hashimoto patients with hypothyroidism is higher than euthyroid ones. After treatment, anti-TPO antibody level decreases in both groups but the decrease is more prominent in euthyroid cases than patients who remain hypothyroid. Regarding these facts, it could be confirmed that anti-TPO antibody measurement (as an important diagnostic and follow-up procedure and for prognosis in Hashimoto) will be useful.}, Keywords = {Thyroiditis, Hashimoto, Anti-thyroid Peroxidase (Anti-TPO), Hypothyroidism, Euthyroidism}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Afzalpour, ME.}, title = {Effects of two types of aerobic exercises on low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and cardiovascular risk factors in non-active men}, abstract ={Background and Aim: As suggested by some studies lipids oxidation, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - not its mere concentration- is the main cause of atherosclerosis processes. Besides, it has been reported that exercise and physical activity influences LDL oxidation process and its qualitative characteristics. The present study was carried out to determine the effects of two types of aerobic exercises (moderate and vigorous) on LDL oxidation and other cardiovascular risk factors. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was performed on 44 non-active men. These subjects were divided into a case and a control group. The case (training group) carried out the designed trainings for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session 30-45 minutes while the control group did not have any regular activity at the same time. Moderate and vigorous aerobic exercises were performed at 60-65% and 80-85% of maximal cardiac reserve rate respectively. Dependent variables (oxidized LDL, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride, body mass index) were measured in the three phases of the study, including pre-test, mid-test, and post-test. To show the effect of exercise, ANOVA statistical test was used and P<0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: Serum oxidation of LDL, LDL concentration, total cholesterol (TC) or triglyceride (TG) concentration did not reveal any significant differences among the three groups of participants. However, it was observed that HDL concentration and serum HDL/LDL ratio significantly increased and body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased (P<0.05) in vigorous aerobic exercise group after 8 weeks. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that performing aerobic exercises (up to 60-85 percent of maximal cardiac reserve rate) could not produce high oxidative stress and due to lack of LDL oxidation condition a significant change in the defensive factors, which are usually utilized against acute atherogenic conditions, does not occur.}, Keywords = {Aerobic Exercises, Lipoproteins, oxidation, Oxidative Stress}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Zarban, A. and Malekaneh, M. and RezaBoghrati, M.}, title = {Antioxidant properties of pomegranate juice and its scavenging effect on free radicals}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Epidemiological findings have shown that consuming foods and beverages having high levels of phenolic compounds decreases the risk of many diseases such as cardiovascular ones. During recent years, there has been considerable interest in identifying natural sources with antioxidant activities to prevent oxidative stress- induced damages. The aim of this study was to measure phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of pomegranate juice, its antioxidant capacity and scavenging effect on free radicals in comparison with other juices. Materials and methods: In this experimental and laboratory study, antioxidant properties of pomegranate concentrate and also nine brand juices were evaluated. Phenolic compounds of pomegranate juice and the other samples were evaluated by means of Folin-Ciocalteu method, their antioxidant properties by FRAP method (Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant power Assay), and their power in scavenging the radical DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) was measured. Besides, the capacity of pomegranate juice inhibitory effect on peroxidation of plasma lipids by copper ions and its inhibitory effect on controlling the hemolysis of erythrocytes induced by H2O2 were studied. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software. Results: The most amount of phenolic compounds was found in pomegranate juice (205.05.0 mg Gallic acid equivalent to 100 ml of diluted pomegranate juice). Pomegranate also showed the highest total antioxidant capacity (11.170.3 mmol/l). In DPPH method whose radical scavenging activity was evaluated by the specific sample, pomegranate also showed its most capacity (96%).Correlative studies have shown that there is a positive and significant correlation between phenolic compounds content of the studied samples and their total antioxidant capacity in inhibiting or scavenging of DPPH radical. Studying the effect of different dilutions of pomegranate juice on inhibiting the formation of conjugated diene in plasma lipids and hemolysis of erythrocytes showed that in a dose-bound process the more the concentration of pomegranate juice, the more its inhibitory effect on hemolysis. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of this study, compared with other fruit juices studied pomegranate juice has more phenolic compounds and its total oxidant capacity is high besides, it has great strength in inhibiting different radicals and can have beneficial effects on improving antioxidant defence of the body and decreasing oxidative stress of it.}, Keywords = { Pomegranate juice, Phenolic compounds, Total antioxidant activity}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Boroomandfar, Kh. and Kazemiyan, A. and Safdari, F. and Delaram, M. and Nooriyan, K.}, title = {Effect of Vitex on hot flash of menopausal women referred to health center of Isfahan}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Menopause is a period in women’s lives that is accompanied with outcomes and effects which can adversely affect on the quality of life and weaken well-being. The most widely recognized outcome of menopause is hot flash that adversely affects on work, social activities, enjoying life, sleep, and- in sum- total quality of living. The common treatment of this symptom is hormone treatment (HRT) which has some adverse effects and sometimes some contraindications. The present study aimed at assessing the effect of Vitex on hot flash. Materials and Methods: This double –blind and clinical trial was performed on 54 women with hot flash aged between 45 and 55 years in Isfahan in 2002, which had been referred for treatment. The population was randomly divided into 2 groups: 1) taking Vitex 2) control group, taking placebos. Data collection was done through interviews and a questionnaire considering demographic and hot flash characteristics (using Kupperman Index), which was filled out for each woman. Hot flash was assessed in three stages .The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS software, descriptive and inferential statistics and P≤0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: It was found that there was a significant difference in severity of hot flash before and after treatment in vitex group (P<0.012).While the difference was not significant after treatment in the placebo group. (P>0.05).Comparing the two groups with respect to severity of hot flash after treatment revealed a significant statistical difference (P<0.05) though the difference was not significant before treatment. Conclusion: Vitex can act as an alternative in treating menopausal hot flash particularly in those who cannot safely bear hormonal treatment.}, Keywords = {Hot flash, Vitex Agnus Castus, Menopause}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Nourooz-Zadeh, J. and Eftekhar, E.}, title = {Physiological importance of glutathione in health and disease}, abstract ={Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant low molecular weight- thiol and thus representing the first line of cellular defense against oxidative stress in biological systems. Other important functions of glutathione include regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, cell proliferation and apoptosis, cytokine production and immune response. Intracellular glutathione concentrations vary from 1-10 mM with the reduced GSH being the predominating form. Consequently, the measurement of the ratio of GSH/GSSG is considered as an important index of cell functionality and viability. Glutathione deficiency has been implicated in aging as well as pathogenesis of many diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, AIDS, pulmonary and neurodegenerative diseases. Preventive measures against glutathione depletion include consumption of protein diet containing glutathione precursors, protection against ionizing radiation and avoiding smoking, exhaustive sports as well as overuse of over counter drugs.}, Keywords = {Glutathione, Biosynthesis, Oxidative stress}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1607-2197}, eissn = {2423-6152}, year = {2007} }