Background and Aim: Regarding the effects of dill extracts on the reproductive system of the female sex reported by many researches, in, the present study the effects of aqueous fraction of this extract were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult female rats were divided into 5 groups: control, low and high doses of aqueous fraction of extract (0.5 and 5 g/kg, respectively) and low and high doses of ethanol and aqueous extract (0.045 and 0. 45 g/kg, respectively) of dill seed. The animals were gavaged with 1 ml of the mentioned doses for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from their dorsal aorta to measure progesterone and estrogen concentration. The ovaries and uteri of the subjects were removed .Then histomorphometrical changes and intensity of reaction of glycoconjugates of ovary and uterus were measured using ConA, UEA, PNA, DBA, SBA lectins. The female rats were mated with male ones (4 in each group).Finally, the number of fetuses and their CRL and weight were measured. Results: Duration of diestrus phase under high dose of aqueous extract increased 2 times compared to the control group. Uterus thickness, longitudinal and transverse diameters of ovaries, granulosa cells of corpus luteum diameters of the experimental groups decreased 1.5 to 2 times compared to the control group's. Female rats of the experimental groups did not get pregnant. Intensity of reactions of α-mannose, N-acetyl glucosamine, and N-acetyl galactoseamine of endometrium and ovarian cell surfaces changed after being stained by ConA, DBA and SBA. Conclusion: Oral administration of ethanol fraction and aqueous dill seeds extracts can induce infertility in female rats.

Keywords: Aqueous fraction of dill seeds extract, Estrogen, Progesterone, Estrous cycle, Lectin, Glycoconjugates

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